endosymbiosis

Examples of endosymbiosis in the following topics:

• The Evolution of Plastids

  • Each chloroplast is surrounded by two membranes, suggestive of primary endosymbiosis.
  • Not all plastids in eukaryotes derive directly from primary endosymbiosis.
  • The process of secondary endosymbiosis is not unique to chlorarachniophytes.
  • In fact, secondary endosymbiosis of green algae also led to euglenid protists, whereas secondary endosymbiosis of red algae led to the evolution of dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and stramenopiles.
  • Explain the relationship between endosymbiosis and plastids to the evolution of eukaryotes

• Endosymbiosis and the Evolution of Eukaryotes

  • This major theme in the origin of eukaryotes is known as endosymbiosis, where one cell engulfs another such that the engulfed cell survives and both cells benefit .
  • It is believed that over millennia these endosymbionts transferred some of their own DNA to the host cell's nucleus during the evolutionary transition from a symbiotic community to an instituted eukaryotic cell (called "serial endosymbiosis").
  • A eukaryote with mitochondria engulfed a cyanobacterium in an event of serial primary endosymbiosis, creating a lineage of cells with both organelles.
  • Describe the general concept of endosymbiosis and the evolution of eukaryotes

• Endosymbiotic Theory and the Evolution of Eukaryotes

  • Genome fusion occurs during endosymbiosis, which is the mechanism proposed as responsible for the first eukaryotic cells.
  • However, the role of endosymbiosis in the development of the nucleus is more controversial.
  • Within the past decade, the process of genome fusion by endosymbiosis has been proposed to be responsible for the evolution of the first eukaryotic cells .
  • The double membrane would be a direct result of endosymbiosis, with the endosymbiont picking up the second membrane from the host as it was internalized.

• The Evolution of Mitochondria

  • Explain the relationship between endosymbiosis and mitochondria to the evolution of eukaryotes

• Phylogeny of the Eukarya

  • Later endosymbiosis led to the spread of plastids in some lineages.

• Mitochondria

  • There are two hypotheses about the origin of mitochondria: endosymbiotic and autogenous, but the most accredited theory at present is endosymbiosis.

• Microbes and the Origin of Life on Earth

  • When one organism actually lives inside the other it's called endosymbiosis.

• Mutualism vs. Symbiosis

  • Endosymbiosis: a relationship in which one of the symbiotic species lives inside the tissue the other.

• Cyanobacteria

  • According to the endosymbiotic theory, chloroplasts in plants and eukaryotic algae have evolved from cyanobacterial ancestors via endosymbiosis.