Examples of Forced-choice in the following topics:
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- When scarce resources are used, actors are forced to make choices that have an opportunity cost.
- Your scarce resources force you to make a choice and a trade-off producing one product or another.
- Like producers, consumers also have to make choices.
- The opportunity cost of a choice is the value of the best alternative forgone.
- When scarce resources are used (and just about everything is a scarce resource), people and firms are forced to make choices that have an opportunity cost.
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- Ideally, each individual is free to make choices that are consistent with their desires (preferences, values) and at the same time, these choices are consistent with the commonweal.
- Conscription implies a non-voluntary or forced behavioral choice in the allocation process.
- Conscription implies the ability of one person or group to force another to make choices they would not prefer.
- The degree to which a choice is voluntary or coerced is not always clear.
- If a government (a formal social institution for allocating power and decision making authority in a community) uses sanctions to force behavior or choice it is clearly coercion and conscription.
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- Channel choice involves understanding the ultimate user and how they prefer to purchase merchandise.
- Channel choice begins with two questions: to whom shall we sell this merchandise immediately?
- Channel choice is also greatly influenced by channel objectives.
- In cases when a company is just getting started, or an older company is trying to carve out a new market niche, the channel objectives may be the dominant force on channel choice.
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- The key point, is that the net forces and torques perfectly cancel.
- The net external torque, regardless of choice of origin, is also zero : $\sum_i \mathbf{r}_i \times \mathbf{F}_i = \sum_i \mathbf{\tau}_i = \mathbf{\tau}_{net} = 0$
- But why all this talk of external forces, with no mention of internal forces?
- The reason is that all the internal forces must sum to zero.
- We could include those forces in the sum, but it is unnecessary and internal forces are often more complicated than internal forces.
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- Individuals must make choices about their objectives (or ends) and the alternatives (means) they choose to achieve those objectives.
- To make these choices, it is necessary to value or prioritize ends and means.
- Use of tradition and institutions (and rules of thumb) to choose ends and means is a way of minimizing the use of analysis and reasoning to make choices; there are a set of ready-made choices.
- Religion, the vested interests, desire for the old ways and human resistance to change are examples of forces that inhibit the search for new solutions.
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- The demand curve shows how consumer choices respond to changes in price.
- In almost all cases, consumer choices are driven by prices.
- The construction of demand, which shows exactly how much of a good consumers will purchase at a given price, is defining of consumer choice theory.
- As the demand curve implies, price is often the central driving force behind a decision to purchase a given product or service.
- Using demand curves, economists can project the impact of a price change on the consumer choices in a given market.
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- N: the normal force of the ramp.
- Ff: the friction force of the ramp.
- The engineer has tried to indicate that the friction acts all along the whole base by drawing an arrow all along the base but such artistic ploys are a matter of personal choice.
- A force arrow should lie along the line of force, but where along the line is irrelevant.
- These forces can be friction, gravity, normal force, drag, tension, etc...
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- Gravitational energy is the potential energy associated with gravitational force, as work is required to move objects against gravity.
- Gravitational energy is the potential energy associated with gravitational force (a conservative force), as work is required to elevate objects against Earth's gravity.
- If an object falls from one point to another point inside a gravitational field, the force of gravity will do positive work on the object, and the gravitational potential energy will decrease by the same amount.
- For the computation of the potential energy we can integrate the gravitational force, whose magnitude is given by Newton's law of gravitation (with respect to the distance r between the two bodies).
- For this choice, the potential at infinity is defined as 0.
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- Wallace's ecology class, students are gradually forced to confront the accumulating consequences of their trash production.
- They research alternatives to disposable packaging and create a display of environmentally conscious choices.
- The overflowing trash bags create cognitive dissonance, and their research helps them develop attractive dissonance-reducing choices.
- The video helps the students model healthy habits to their parents and may inspire the parents to provide healthy food choices for their children.
- For example, a student may have believed that orange soda and french fries were healthy fruit and vegetable choices.
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- Their choices are influenced by their frames.
- In other words, people only become aware of the frames that they already use when something forces them to replace one frame with another.
- Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman have shown that framing can affect the outcome (i.e., the choices one makes) of choice problems, to the extent that several of the classic axioms of rational choice do not hold.
- This led to the development of the prospect theory as an alternative to rational choice theory.
- When decision options appear framed as a likely gain, risk-averse choices predominate.