Examples of inheritance in the following topics:
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- The Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance identified chromosomes as the genetic material responsible for Mendelian inheritance.
- Together, these observations led to the development of the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, which identified chromosomes as the genetic material responsible for Mendelian inheritance.
- The Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance was consistent with Mendel's laws and was supported by the following observations:
- It was only after several years of carrying out crosses with the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, that Thomas Hunt Morgan provided experimental evidence to support the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance.
- (a) Walter Sutton and (b) Theodor Boveri are credited with developing the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, which states that chromosomes carry the unit of heredity (genes).
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- Inheriting two copies of mutated genes that are nonfunctional can have lethal consequences.
- An inheritance pattern in which an allele is only lethal in the homozygous form and in which the heterozygote may be normal or have some altered non-lethal phenotype is referred to as recessive lethal.
- The dominant lethal inheritance pattern is one in which an allele is lethal both in the homozygote and the heterozygote; this allele can only be transmitted if the lethality phenotype occurs after reproductive age.
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- Genes exist in pairs within an organism, with one of each pair inherited from each parent.
- Genetic inheritance begins at the time of conception.
- You inherited 23 chromosomes from your mother and 23 from your father .
- A child will inherit half of its genes (one of each of its 23 pairs) from its mother and the other half from its father.
- Describe the structure of a gene and how offspring inherit genes from each parent
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- It results from inheritance of recessive gene alleles and is known to affect all vertebrates.
- Most forms of albinism are the result of the biological inheritance of genetically recessive alleles (genes) passed from both parents of an individual, though some rare forms are inherited from only one parent.
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- The laws of inheritance were derived by Gregor Mendel, a 19th century monk conducting hybridization experiments in garden peas (Pisum sativum).
- From these experiments, he deduced two generalizations that later became known as Mendel's Laws of Heredity or Mendelian inheritance.
- Mendel also analyzed the pattern of inheritance of seven pairs of contrasting traits in the domestic pea plant.
- Finding in every case that each of his seven traits was inherited independently of the others, he formed his "second rule", the Law of Independent Assortment, which states the inheritance of one pair of factors (genes) is independent of the inheritance of the other pair.
- Discuss the methods Mendel utilized in his research that led to his success in understanding the process of inheritance
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- Mendel's work suggested that traits are inherited independently of each other.
- However, observations by researchers in Morgan's laboratory suggested that alleles positioned on the same chromosome were not always inherited together.
- Conversely, alleles that were close to each other on the chromosome were likely to be inherited together.
- The offspring have an equal chance of being the parental type (inheriting the same combination of traits as the parents) or a nonparental type (inheriting a different combination of traits than the parents).
- The genes are, therefore, always inherited together and all of the offspring are the parental type.
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- Because of Mendel's work, the fundamental principles of heredity were revealed, which are often referred to as Mendel's Laws of Inheritance.
- Not all genes are transmitted from parents to offspring according to Mendelian genetics, but Mendel's experiments serve as an excellent starting point for thinking about inheritance.
- Shortly after Mendel proposed that traits were determined by what are now
known as genes, other researchers observed that different traits were
often inherited together, and thereby deduced that the genes were
physically linked by being located on the same chromosome.
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- Historical developments inherited by the learner as a member of a particular culture.
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- For example, to say that "green peas" dominate "yellow peas" confuses inherited genotypes and expressed phenotypes.
- If a genetic trait is recessive, a person needs to inherit two copies of the gene for the trait to be expressed.
- Instead, several different patterns of inheritance have been found to exist.
- Recessive traits are only visible if an individual inherits two copies of the recessive allele
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- This means that the alleles inherited from both progenitors are expressed in an equivalent way.
- As there are 3 Class-I genes, named in humans HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C, and as each person inherits a set of genes from each progenitor, that means that any cell in an individual can express 6 different types of MHC-I molecules.
- In the Class-II locus, each person inherits a couple of genes HLA-DP (DPA1 and DPA2, which encode α and β chains), a couple of genes HLA-DQ (DQA1 and DQA2, for α and β chains), one gene HLA-DRα (DRA1) and one or two genes HLA-DRβ (DRB1 and DRB3, -4 o -5).
- That means that one heterozygous individual can inherit 6 or 8 Class-II alleles, three or four from each progenitor.
- The variations in the MHC molecules (responsible for the polymorphism) are the result of the inheritance of different MHC molecules, and they are not induced by recombination, as it is the case for the antigen receptors.