interneuron

Examples of interneuron in the following topics:

• Spinal Cord

  • Grey matter is also composed of interneurons, which connect two neurons, each located in different parts of the body.
  • While a reflex may only require the involvement of one or two synapses, synapses with interneurons in the spinal column transmit information to the brain to convey what happened (the knee jerked, or the hand was hot).
  • A cross-section of the spinal cord shows grey matter (containing cell bodies and interneurons) and white matter (containing axons).

• Introducing the Neuron

  • There are three primary types of neuron: sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.
  • There are three major types of neurons: sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.
  • Interneurons are neither sensory nor motor; rather, they act as the "middle men" that form connections between the other two types.
  • Interneurons can save time and therefore prevent injury by sending messages to the spinal cord and back instead of all the way to the brain.

• Embryonic Development

  • Three main ventral cell types are established during early neural tube development, these include the floor plate cells , which form at the ventral midline during the neural fold stage, as well as the more dorsally located motor neurons and interneurons.
  • Researchers observed changes in dorsal-ventral patterning; for example zebrafish deficient in certain BMPs showed a loss of dorsal sensory neurons and an expansion of interneurons.
  • V0-V3 represent four different classes of ventral interneurons, and MN indicates motor neurons.

• Classification of Neurons

  • Interneurons connect neurons within specific regions of the central nervous system .

• Motor Areas

  • The majority of neurons in the motor cortex that project to the spinal cord synapse on interneuron circuitry in the spinal cord.

• Structural Diversity of Neurons

  • Interneurons act as relays between neurons in close proximity to one another.

• Spinal Reflexes

  • There, they synapse with interneurons, which in turn, excite or inhibit alpha motor neurons to the muscles of the contralateral limb.
  • The sensory neuron then synapses with interneurons that connect to motor neurons.

• Components of a Reflex Arc

  • By contrast, in polysynaptic reflex arcs, one or more interneurons connect afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) signals.

• Sensory-Somatic Nervous System

  • These neurons are usually stimulated by interneurons within the spinal cord, but are sometimes directly stimulated by sensory neurons.

• Cholinergic Neurons and Receptors

  • At the same time, acetylcholine acts through nicotinic receptors to excite certain groups of inhibitory interneurons in the cortex, which further dampen cortical activity.