Examples of molecular systematics in the following topics:
-
- However, molecular systematics showed prokaryotic life to consist of two separate domains, originally called Eubacteria and Archaebacteria, but now called Bacteria and Archaea that evolved independently from an ancient common ancestor.
- Due to the relatively recent introduction of molecular systematics and a rapid increase in the number of genome sequences that are available, bacterial classification remains a changing and expanding field.
- To overcome this uncertainty, modern bacterial classification emphasizes molecular systematics, using genetic techniques such as guanine cytosine ratio determination, genome-genome hybridization, as well as sequencing genes that have not undergone extensive lateral gene transfer, such as the rRNA gene.
- Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) represents the novel standard in microbial molecular systematics.
- The concatenation approach that dominates MLSAs in the microbial molecular systematics literature is known to systematists working with plants and animals as the "total molecular evidence" approach.
-
- The emerging field called virus molecular systematics attempts to do just that through comparisons of sequenced genetic material.
-
- To overcome these uncertainties, modern bacterial classification emphasizes molecular systematics, using genetic techniques such as guanine cytosine ratio determination, genome-genome hybridization, as well as sequencing genes that have not undergone extensive lateral gene transfer, such as the rRNA gene.
- While there are several molecular tools that allow us to classify or distinguish different bacterial species, this is predicated on obtaining uni-species cultures of a given bacteria.
- However, recent advances in molecular techniques do allow the sequencing of DNA from bacterial species, without the reliance on a pure culture of that given bacteria.
-
- Molecular compounds are named using a systematic approach of prefixes to indicate the number of each element present in the compound.
- Molecular compounds are made when two or more elements share electrons in a covalent bond to connect the elements.
- Typically, non-metals tend to share electrons, make covalent bonds, and thus, form molecular compounds.
- When naming molecular compounds prefixes are used to dictate the number of a given element present in the compound. " mono-" indicates one, "di-" indicates two, "tri-" is three, "tetra-" is four, "penta-" is five, and "hexa-" is six, "hepta-" is seven, "octo-" is eight, "nona-" is nine, and "deca" is ten.
-
- The increasingly large number of organic compounds identified with each passing day, together with the fact that many of these compounds are isomers of other compounds, requires that a systematic nomenclature system be developed.
- Just as each distinct compound has a unique molecular structure which can be designated by a structural formula, each compound must be given a characteristic and unique name.
- Such common names often have their origin in the history of the science and the natural sources of specific compounds, but the relationship of these names to each other is arbitrary, and no rational or systematic principles underly their assignments.
- A root or base indicating a major chain or ring of carbon atoms found in the molecular structure.
- Names of substituent groups, other than hydrogen, that complete the molecular structure.
-
- The organizational scheme was based mainly on physical features, as opposed to physiology, biochemistry, or molecular biology, all of which are used by modern systematics.
- Thus, to examine differences at this molecular level provides a more accurate depiction of the diversity which exists.
-
- Until the advent of molecular phylogeny the Kingdom Prokaryotae was divided into four divisions, a classification scheme still formally followed by Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology.The various species differ amongst each other based on several characteristics determined by gram staining, which allowed their identification and classification.
- In the Molecular era of classification, Carl Woese, who is regarded as the forerunner of the molecular phylogeny revolution, argued that the bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes represent separate lines of descent that diverged early on from an ancestral colony of organisms.
-
- For example, for butane, the molecular formula is C4H10.
- For example, the molecular formula of sodium fluoride is NaF.
- A molecular formula is not a chemical name, and it contains no words.
- The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6.
- To convert between empirical and molecular formulas, the empirical formula can be multiplied by a whole number to reach the molecular formula.
-
- The prefixes are the same Greek prefixes used in naming molecular compounds.
- Generate the chemical formula and systematic name of a given inorganic hydrate
-
- Rather than having two masses at different temperatures and with different distributions of molecular speeds, we now have a single mass with a uniform temperature.
- The systematic arrangement of molecules in a crystal structure is replaced by a more random and less orderly movement of molecules without fixed locations or orientations.