net consumer productivity

Examples of net consumer productivity in the following topics:

• Transferring of Energy between Trophic Levels

  • $TLTE=\frac { production\quad at\quad present\quad trophic\quad level }{ production\quad at\quad previous\quad trophic\quad level } x100$
  • Another main parameter that is important in characterizing energy flow within an ecosystem is the net production efficiency.
  • Net production efficiency (NPE) allows ecologists to quantify how efficiently organisms of a particular trophic level incorporate the energy they receive into biomass.
  • Net consumer productivity is the energy content available to the organisms of the next trophic level.
  • Arrows point from an organism that is consumed to the organism that consumes it.

• Productivity within Trophic Levels

  • Productivity, measured by gross and net primary productivity, is defined as the amount of energy that is incorporated into a biomass.
  • Because all organisms need to use some of this energy for their own functions (such as respiration and resulting metabolic heat loss), scientists often refer to the net primary productivity of an ecosystem.
  • Net primary productivity is the energy that remains in the primary producers after accounting for the organisms' respiration and heat loss.
  • The net productivity is then available to the primary consumers at the next trophic level.
  • Explain the concept of primary production and distinguish between gross primary production and net primary production

• Product Labeling

  • A label is a carrier of information about the product.
  • For consumer packaging, symbols exist for product certifications, trademarks, and proof of purchase.
  • Some requirements and symbols exist to communicate aspects of consumer use and safety.
  • The purpose of the law label is to inform the consumer of the hidden contents, or "filling materials" inside bedding & furniture products.
  • The Fair Packaging and Labeling Act (FPLA) is a law that applies to labels on many consumer products that states the products identity, the company that manufactures it, and the net quantity of contents.

• Packaging and Labeling

  • Packaging refers to the physical appearance of a product when a consumer sees it, and labels are an informative component of packaging.
  • For consumer packaging, symbols exist for product certifications, trademarks, and proof of purchase.
  • The purpose of the law label is to inform the consumer of the hidden contents, or "filling materials" inside bedding & furniture products.
  • The Fair Packaging and Labeling Act (FPLA) is a law that applies to labels on many consumer products that states the products identity, the company that manufactures it, and the net quantity of contents.
  • Packaging refers to the physical appearance of a product when a consumer sees it, and labels are an informative component of packaging.

• Overview of Merchandising Operations

  • Merchandising is any practice which contributes to the sale of products to a retail consumer.
  • In the broadest sense, merchandising is any practice which contributes to the sale of products to a retail consumer.
  • In Retail commerce, visual display merchandising refers to the process of maximizing merchandise sales using product design, selection, packaging, pricing, and display that stimulates consumers to spend more.
  • In the supply chain, merchandising is the practice of making products in retail outlets available to consumers, primarily by stocking shelves and displays.
  • Merchandising is any practice which contributes to the sale of products to a retail consumer.

• Operating Expenses, Non-Operating Expenses, and Net Income

  • Operating expenses and non operating expenses are deducted from revenue to yield net income.
  • An operating expense is the ongoing cost of running a product, business, or system.
  • Its counterpart, a capital expenditure, or non operating expense, is the cost of developing or providing non-consumable parts for the product or system.
  • When net income is positive, it is called profit.
  • Net income increases when assets increase relative to liabilities.

• Introduction to Deadweight Loss

  • In a perfectly competitive market, products are priced at the pareto optimal point.
  • Consumer surplus is the gain that consumers receive when they are able to purchase a product for less than the price they are willing to pay; producer surplus is the benefit producers receive when the sell a product for more than they are willing to sell for.
  • This net harm is what causes deadweight loss.
  • The consumer would purchaser more of the product at the ceiling price, but the producers are unwilling to supply enough to meet that demand because it is not profitable.
  • As a result all of the goods that might have been produced and consumed if the good was priced optimally are not, representing a net loss for society.

• The Importance of Aggregate Decisions about Consumption versus Saving and Investment

  • Money can either be consumed, invested, or saved (deferred consumption or investment).
  • They can consume it by spending it on goods and services.
  • It specifies the amounts of goods and services that will be purchased at all possible price levels and is the demand for the gross domestic product of a country.
  • Spending = Income – Net Savings = Income + Net Increase in Debt
  • In words: what you spend is what you earn, plus what you borrow: if you spend $110 and earned $100, then you must have net borrowed $10; conversely if you spend $90 and earn $100, then you have net savings of $10, or have reduced debt by $10, for net change in debt of –$10.

• Costs of Trade

  • With free trade in place, the producers of the exported good in exporting countries and the consumers in importing countries all benefit.
  • It is economically efficient for a good to be produced in the country with the lowest production costs.
  • Free trade is highly effective and provides society with a net gain, but only if it is applied.
  • Tariffs cause the consumer surplus (green area) to decrease, while the producer surplus (yellow area) and government tax revenue (blue area) increase.
  • Free trade does not have tariffs and results in net gain for society.

• Calculating GDP

  • Gross domestic product is one method of understanding a country's income and allows for comparison to other countries .
  • The income approach adds up the factor incomes to the factors of production in the society.
  • The output approach is also called "net product" or "value added" method.
  • Net value added = Gross value of output – Value of intermediate consumption.
  • GDP at factor cost plus indirect taxes less subsidies on products is GDP at producer price.