Public relations

Examples of Public relations in the following topics:

• Public Relations

  • Public relations is the management of a message between an individual or organization and the public.
  • Simply put, public relations manages communication between an organization and the public.
  • The ideal end results of public relations is for the information to serve both the source and the public interest.
  • Negative public relations, also called dark public relations (DPR), is a process of destroying or discrediting.
  • Consumer/lifestyle public relations – gaining publicity for a particular product or service

• The Purpose of Public Relations

  • The aim of public relations by a company is to persuade the public, investors, partners, employees, and other stakeholders to maintain a certain point of view about it, its leadership, products, or of political decisions.
  • In other words, public relations is a management activity that attempts to shape the attitudes and opinions held by an organisation's stakeholders.
  • The aim of public relations by a company is to persuade the public, investors, partners, employees, and other stakeholders to maintain a certain point of view about it, its leadership, products, or of political decisions.
  • In other words, public relations is a management activity that attempts to shape the attitudes and opinions held by an organisation's stakeholders.
  • Corporations also use public relations as a vehicle to reach legislators and other politicians, seeking favorable tax, regulatory, and other treatment, and they may use public relations to portray themselves as enlightened employers, in support of human-resources recruiting programs.

• The Flow of Agency-Related Activities

• Choice

  • Schiefele (1991) identified two components of interest: feeling-related and value-related valences.
  • Feeling-related valences are feelings attached to a topic.
  • Value-related valences relate to the importance of the topic to an individual.
  • Feeling-related valences are the degree of enjoyment that an individual has toward a topic or object.
  • These feeling-related valences can be factors that enhance the motivation of learning.

• Related Rates

  • Related rates problems involve finding a rate by relating that quantity to other quantities whose rates of change are known.
  • What is a related rate?
  • In differential calculus, related rates problems involve finding a rate at which a quantity changes by relating that quantity to other quantities whose rates of change are known.
  • Because science and engineering often relate quantities to each other, the methods of related rates have broad applications in these fields.
  • Solve problems using related rates (using a quantity whose rate is known to find the rate at which a related quantity changes)

• Multiple relations

  • Actors may be tied together closely in one relational network, but be quite distant from one another in a different relational network.
  • When we collect social network data about certain kinds of relations among actors we are, in a sense, sampling from a population of possible relations.
  • If we do not know what relations to examine, how might we decide?
  • Methodologies for working with multi-relational data are not as well developed as those for working with single relations.
  • We will look at some methods for multi-relational (a.k.a.

• Visualizing multiplex relations

  • The only new problem is how to represent multiple relations among actors.
  • One approach is to use multiple lines (with different colors or styles) and over-lay one relation on another.
  • Netdraw has some useful tools for visualizing multiple relations among the same set of actors.
  • An even more useful tool is found in Netdraw>Properties>Lines>Multi-relation selection.
  • The Relations dialog box allows you to select which relations you would like to view, and whether to view the union ("or") or intersection ("and") of the ties.

• Simplex or multiplex relations in the graph

  • In our simple example, we showed two graphs of simple (sometimes referred to as "simplex" to differentiate from "multiplex") relations.
  • The friendship graph (figure 3.2) showed a single relation (that happened to be binary and directed).
  • The spouse graph (figure 3.3) showed a single relation (that happened to be binary and un-directed).
  • Figure 3.4 combines information from two relations into a "multiplex" graph.There are, potentially, different kinds of multiplex graphs.
  • We graphed a tie if there was either a friendship or spousal relation.

• Summary

  • In this chapter we've taken a look at some of the most basic and common approaches to applying statistical analysis to the attributes of actors embedded in networks, the relations among these actors, and the similarities between multiple relational networks connecting the same actors.
  • We've reviewed methods for examining relations between two (or more) graphs involving the same actors.
  • These tools are particularly useful for trying to understand multi-plex relations, and for testing hypotheses about how the pattern of relations in one whole network relate to the pattern of relations in another.
  • These tools allow us to examine hypotheses about the relational and non-relational attributes of actors, and to draw correct inferences about relations between variables when the observations (actors) are not independent.
  • And, we've taken a look at a variety of approaches that relate attributes of actors to their positions in networks.

• Combining multiple relations

  • One common approach is to combine the multiple relations into an index that reflects the quality (or type) of multi-plex relation.
  • Combining multiple relations in this way yields a qualitative typology of the kinds of relations that exist among actors.
  • In dealing with multiple relations among actors, we might also want to create a quantitative index that combines the relations.
  • For example, we might suppose that if actors are tied by 4 different relations they share a "stronger" tie than if they share only 3 relations.
  • Otherwise, code the output relation as "0."