reticulocyte production index

(noun)

Indicates whether or not the bone marrow is producing new blood cells at a rate that will correct the anemia; and can also be used to monitor the progress of treatment for anemia.

Related Terms

Examples of reticulocyte production index in the following topics:

  • Complete Blood Count

    • Like mature red blood cells, reticulocytes do not have a cell nucleus.
    • Calculating the reticulocyte production index indicates whether or not the bone marrow is producing new blood cells at a rate that will correct the anemia, and can also be used to monitor the progress of treatment for anemia.
    • When there is an increased production of red blood cells to overcome chronic or severe loss of mature red blood cells, such as in a hemolytic anemia, people often have a markedly high number and percentage of reticulocytes.
    • Abnormally low numbers of reticulocytes can be attributed to chemotherapy, aplastic anemia, pernicious anemia, bone marrow malignancies, problems of erythropoietin production, various vitamin or mineral deficiencies (B9, B12, iron), disease states (anemia of chronic disease) and other causes of anemia due to poor RBC production.
    • This schematic of a reticulocyte shows the reticular network of ribosomal RNA that differentiates the reticulocyte from mature red blood cells.

  • Anemia

    • The three main classes of anemia include excessive blood loss (acutely, such as a hemorrhage or chronically, through low-volume loss), excessive blood cell destruction (hemolysis), or deficient red blood cell production (ineffective hematopoiesis).
    • Reticulocyte counts, and the "kinetic" approach to anemia, have become more common than in the past in the large medical centers of the United States and some other wealthy nations; in part, because some automatic counters now have the capacity to include reticulocyte counts.
    • This is a quantitative measure of the bone marrow's production of new red blood cells.
    • The reticulocyte production index is a calculation of the ratio between the level of anemia and the extent to which the reticulocyte count has risen in response.
    • If the degree of anemia is significant, even a "normal" reticulocyte count actually may reflect an inadequate response.

  • RBC Life Cycle

    • In the embryo, the liver is the main site of red blood cell production and bears similar types of stem cells at this stage of development.
    • Just before and after leaving the bone marrow, the developing cells are known as reticulocytes.
    • After 24 hours in the bloodstream, reticulocytes mature into functional RBCs.

  • Defining and Calculating CPI

    • Goods and services are divided into categories, sub categories, and sub indexes.
    • When calculating the average for a large number of products, the price is given a weighted average between 1 and 100 to simplify calculation.
    • The weighting determines the importance of the quantity of the product on average.
    • Issues that impede the accuracy of the CPI include substitution bias (consumers substituting goods for others), introducing new products, and changes in quality.
    • The graph shows the consumer price index in the United States from 1913 - 2004.

  • Sickle-Cell Disease

    • This crisis is triggered by parvovirus B19, which directly affects erythropoiesis (production of red blood cells) by invading the red cell precursors and multiplying in them and destroying them.
    • Parvovirus infection nearly completely prevents red blood cell production for two to three days.
    • In HbSS, the full blood count reveals hemoglobin levels in the range of 6–8 g/dL with a high reticulocyte count (as the bone marrow compensates for the destruction of sickle cells by producing more red blood cells).

  • Characteristics of the Product

    • The unique characteristics of a product should be used as inputs in determining the product's marketing mix.
    • Product characteristics help determine the marketing mix, potential target market and the pricing of a product.
    • Characteristics of a product also help to determine the price of a product.
    • This can determine where a product may fall on the price index.
    • The characteristics of a product determine the target market and price of a product.

  • Market Actors

    • Investors can include: pension funds, insurance companies, mutual funds, index funds, exchange-traded funds, and hedge funds.
    • An index fund or index tracker is a collective investment scheme (usually a mutual fund or exchange-traded fund) that aims to replicate the movements of an index of a specific financial market, or a set of rules of ownership that are held constant, regardless of market conditions.
    • As of 2007, index funds made up over 11% of equity mutual fund assets in the United States.
    • Most ETFs track an index, such as a stock index or bond index.
    • ETFs are the most popular type of exchange-traded product.

  • Industrialized Countries

    • Most commonly, the criteria used to evaluate a country's level of development is its gross domestic product (GDP) per capita.
    • One measure of a nation's level of development is the Human Development Index (HDI), a statistical measure developed by the United Nations that gauges a country's level of development.
    • Often, national income or gross domestic product (GDP) are used alone to measure how prosperous a nation's economy is.
    • The Human Development Index, along with the entire concept of "developing" and "developed" countries, has been criticized on a number of grounds.
    • Human Development Index (HDI) is a measure of how much of a nation's wealth is invested into local services such as education and infrastructure.

  • Dispersion: Rainbows and Prisims

    • The angle of refraction depends on the index of refraction, as we saw in the Law of Refraction.
    • We know that the index of refraction n depends on the medium.
    • Since the index of refraction of water varies with wavelength, the light is dispersed, and a rainbow is observed.
    • Since the index of refraction varies with wavelength, the angles of refraction vary with wavelength.
    • Describe production of rainbows by a combination of refraction and reflection processes

  • The GDP Deflator

    • The GDP deflator is a price index that measures inflation or deflation in an economy by calculating a ratio of nominal GDP to real GDP.
    • It is a price index that measures price inflation or deflation, and is calculated using nominal GDP and real GDP.
    • In contrast, real gross domestic product accounts for price changes that may have occurred due to inflation.
    • Real GDP reflects changes in real production.
    • Like the Consumer Price Index (CPI), the GDP deflator is a measure of price inflation/deflation with respect to a specific base year.