schema

Examples of schema in the following topics:

• Social Cognition

  • In schema theory, when we see or think of a concept, a mental representation or "schema" is activated that brings to mind other related information, usually unconsciously.
  • Similarly, a notable theory of social cognition is social-schema theory.
  • Two cognitive processes that increase the accessibility of schemas are salience and priming.
  • Although people of all cultures use schemas to understand the world, the content of our schemas has been found to differ for individuals based on their cultural upbringing.
  • Because cattle are essential to the lifestyle of the Bantu people, the Bantu herdsman's schemas for cattle were far more extensive than the schemas of the Scottish settler.

• Schemata

  • Piaget defined a schema as the mental representation of an associated set of perceptions, ideas, and/or actions.
  • A schema can be discrete and specific, or sequential and elaborate.
  • For example, a schema may be as specific as recognizing a dog, or as elaborate as categorizing different types of dogs.

• Introduction

  • However, this chapter will discuss four of Piaget's key concepts that are applicable to learning at any age: assimilation, accommodation, equilibration, and schemas.

• Pitch-Class Sets

  • We can apply the term schema in three specific ways.
  • First, a schema is a prototype—an idealized version of a common pattern.
  • Second, a schema can be an exemplar—a single pattern that resembles the prototype.
  • Third, a schema can be a theory—an explanation of a commonly occurring musical event.
  • Unlike the Fonte and the Monte, the Ponte need not be a model/sequence schema.

• Two Major Principles

  • The simplest level is the schema, a mental representation of some physical or mental action that can be performed on an object, event, or phenomenon.
  • The intent is to give you an alternative way of learning about assimilation, accommodation, equilibration and schemas.

• Assimilation

  • In this way, Angie finds a way to fit this external reality with her internal cognitive structures, or schemas.
  • Assimilation occurs when a child perceives new objects or events in terms of existing schemas or operations.

• Accommodation

  • It occurs when existing schemas or operations must be modified or new schemas are created to account for a new experience.

• Organization

  • We develop perceptual schemas in order to organize impressions of people based on their appearance, social roles, interaction, or other traits; these schemas then influence how we perceive other things in the world.
  • These schemas are heuristics, or shortcuts that save time and effort on computation.
  • For example, you might have a perceptual schema that the building where you go to class is symmetrical on the outside (sometimes called the "symmetry heuristic," or the tendency to remember things as being more symmetrical than they are).
  • This is the blessing and curse of schemas and heuristics: they are useful for making sense of a complex world, but they can be inaccurate.

• Memory Distortions and Biases

  • Bartlett attributed this tendency to the use of schemas.
  • A schema is a generalization formed in the mind based on experience.
  • Instead of remembering precise details about commonplace occurrences, people use schemas to create frameworks for typical experiences, which shape their expectations and memories.
  • The common use of schemas suggests that memories are not identical reproductions of experience, but a combination of actual events and already-existing schemas.

• Human Language Development

  • Assimilation is the process of changing one's environment to place information into an already-existing schema (or idea).
  • Accommodation is the process of changing one's schema to adapt to the new environment.
  • According to him, children first create mental structures within the mind (schemas) and from these schemas, language development happens.