stratosphere

Examples of stratosphere in the following topics:

• Ozone Depletion

  • Free radicals in the upper stratosphere act as catalysts for ozone decomposition, thereby depleting the ozone layer.
  • These compounds are emitted on Earth's surface and move into the stratosphere.
  • In the stratosphere, absorption of ultraviolet photons results in the photodissociation (breaking apart) of oxygen molecules.
  • Once in the stratosphere, ultraviolet light liberates the Cl and Br atoms from their parent compounds:
  • More complicated mechanisms that lead to ozone destruction in the lower stratosphere have also been been discovered.

• Polar Ozone Holes

  • Chlorofluorocarbons have disrupted stratospheric ozone generation, resulting in a thinning of the ozone layer at the poles.
  • There is a constant cycle of ozone formation and destruction in the stratospheric layer of the atmosphere.
  • CFCs released at the Earth's surface migrated to the stratosphere, where they interrupted the cycle of ozone generation.
  • CFCs have caused a gradual decrease in ozone levels throughout the stratosphere.

• Earth's Atmosphere

  • The atmosphere is further classified into multiple layers by temperature, which include the thermosphere, the mesosphere, the stratosphere, and the troposphere.
  • The next layer, the stratosphere, contains an ozone layer that results from the reaction of ionizing solar radiation with oxygen gas; this ozone layer is responsible for the absorption of UV light.
  • Planes typically fly in the stratosphere.
  • A view of the Earth from space, looking from orbit beyond the exosphere, down through the layers of the thermosphere, mesosphere, and stratosphere, at a thick cloud layer topping the troposphere.

• Air Pollution

  • Decreased stratospheric ozone: a depletion in ozone levels caused by the release of refrigerants, which produce free radicals that catalyze the decomposition of ozone.

• Half-Life and Rate of Decay; Carbon-14 Dating

  • The carbon-14 isotope would vanish from Earth's atmosphere in less than a million years were it not for the constant influx of cosmic rays interacting with molecules of nitrogen (N2) and single nitrogen atoms (N) in the stratosphere.

• Ozone

  • However, the so-called ozone layer (a portion of the stratosphere with a higher concentration of ozone, from two to eight ppm) is beneficial.

• Financial Instruments

  • Sallie Mae may experience financial hardship.U.S. economy has been plagued with weak economic growth since the 2007 Great Recession, and many college graduates cannot find jobs and start to default on their student-loan payments.Many call this the College Bubble.As college tuition soars into the stratosphere, many college students accumulate large amounts of debt to pay for their education, and some of these students have slim chances of finding good payingjobs after they graduate.Consequently, high school graduates may shun college to avoid accumulating debt, sparking a financial crisis for the U.S. colleges and universities.Then the colleges and universities could contract similarly to the U.S. housing market after 2007.

• Convection

  • This process is the driving power behind thunderheads—great cumulus clouds that rise as much as 20.0 km into the stratosphere.