William of Orange

(noun)

William III & II (4 November 1650 – 8 March 1702) was a sovereign Prince of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau by birth. From 1672 he governed as Stadtholder William III of Orange over Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Gelderland, and Overijssel of the Dutch Republic. From 1689 he reigned as William III over England and Ireland.

Related Terms

Examples of William of Orange in the following topics:

  • The Glorious Revolution

    • His daughter Mary, a Protestant and the wife of William of Orange, a Dutch stadtholder, or steward, was previously the heir to the throne.
    • Some of the most influential leaders of the Tories united with members of the opposition Whigs and set out to resolve the crisis by inviting William of Orange to England, which the stadtholder, who feared an Anglo-French alliance, had indicated as a condition for a military intervention.
    • In February 1689, William and his wife became joint monarchs as William III and Mary II of England .
    • Prince of Orange Landing at Torbay, engraving by William Miller after J M W Turner, 1852
    • William of Orange successfully invaded England with a Dutch fleet in the Glorious Revolution of 1688

  • William of Orange and the Grand Alliance

    • William III (1650 – 1702) was sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Dutch Stadtholder (de facto hereditary head of state) from 1672, and King of England, Ireland, and Scotland from 1689 until his death.
    • However, before the War of the Spanish Succession was even declared, William died.
    • By the same token, Anne continued William's policies and many leading statesmen of William's later years remained in office, which turned out fundamental to the success of the Grand Alliance in the early stages of the war.
    • King William III of England, portrait by Sir Godfrey Kneller, 1680s, National Galleries, Scotland.
    • Explain William's stake in the War of the Spanish Succession and the goals of the Grand Alliance.

  • The Glorious Revolution

    • The Glorious Revolution was the overthrow of King James II of England by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William of Orange and his wife Mary that resulted in the eventual regulation of the respective powers of Parliament and the Crown in England.
    • Mary and her husband, her cousin William Henry of Orange, were both Protestants and grandchildren of Charles I of England.
    • William was also stadtholder of the main provinces of the Dutch Republic.
    • On June 30, 1688, a group of seven Protestant nobles invited the Prince of Orange to come to England with an army.
    • Detail of William and Mary as portrayed on the ceiling of the Painted Hall of the Greenwich Hospital.

  • The Glorious Revolution in America

    • The Glorious Revolution led to the dissolution of the Dominion of New England and the establishment of the Province of Massachusetts Bay.
    • With the birth of his son and potential successor James III in June 1688, some Whigs and Tories set aside their political differences and conspired to replace James with his Protestant son-in-law, William of Orange.
    • This was particularly problematic for Massachusetts because its long frontier with New France was exposed to French and Indian raids with the 1689 outbreak of King William's War.
    • The resulting Province of Massachusetts Bay, whose charter was issued in 1691 and began operating in 1692 under governor Sir William Phips, combined the territories of both colonies, along with the islands south of Cape Cod (Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, and the Elizabeth Islands) that had been part of New York.
    • Darley, William L.

  • Carbon NMR Spectroscopy

    • Examples include polychlorinated compounds such as chlordane, polycarbonyl compounds such as croconic acid, and compounds incorporating triple bonds (structures below, orange colored carbons).
    • Because of this, the number of discrete signals and their chemical shifts are the most important pieces of evidence delivered by a carbon spectrum.
    • The fulvene (isomer A) has five structurally different groups of carbon atoms (colored brown, magenta, orange, blue and green respectively) and should display five 13C nmr signals (one near 20 ppm and the other four greater than 100 ppm).
    • Although ortho-xylene (isomer B) will have a proton nmr very similar to isomer A, it should only display four 13C nmr signals, originating from the four different groups of carbon atoms (colored brown, blue, orange and green).
    • Isomer A displays only four carbon nmr signals (δ 15.4, 133.4, 145.8 & 187.9 ppm); whereas, isomer B displays five signals (δ 15.9, 133.3, 145.8, 187.5 & 188.1 ppm), the additional signal coming from the non-identity of the two carbonyl carbon atoms (one colored orange and the other magenta).

  • Nomenclature of Alkene Stereoisomers

    • Configurational stereoisomers of the kind shown above need an additional nomenclature prefix added to the IUPAC name, in order to specify the spatial orientations of the groups attached to the double bond.
    • Assignment of a cis or trans prefix to any of these isomers can only be done in an arbitrary manner, so a more rigorous method is needed.
    • Once the relative priorities of the two substituents on each of the double bond carbons has been determined, a cis orientation of the higher priority pair is designated Z, and a trans orientation is termed E.
    • For carbon #4 the immediate substituent atoms are both carbons (colored orange).
    • These are also carbon, but the isopropyl group has two carbons (also orange) whereas the propyl group has only one.

  • The Mass Spectrometer

    • Atmospheric pressure is around 760 torr (mm of mercury).
    • The heart of the spectrometer is the ion source.
    • By varying the strength of the magnetic field, ions of different mass can be focused progressively on a detector fixed at the end of a curved tube (also under a high vacuum).
    • Residual energy from the collision may cause the molecular ion to fragment into neutral pieces (colored green) and smaller fragment ions (colored pink and orange).
    • The molecular ion is a radical cation, but the fragment ions may either be radical cations (pink) or carbocations (orange), depending on the nature of the neutral fragment.

  • The Bayeux Tapestry

    • Images in the cloth include depictions of William, Duke of Normandy; the coronation and death of the English King Harold; the Battle of Hastings; and even Halley's Comet.
    • It is likely that it was commissioned by Bishop Odo, the half-brother to Duke William of Normandy, and made in England—not Bayeux—in the 1070s.
    • The tapestry can be seen as the final and best known work of Anglo-Saxon art, and though it was made after the Norman Conquest of England, historians now accept that it was created firmly in an Anglo-Saxon tradition.
    • Later repairs are worked in light yellow, orange, and light greens.
    • The picture of Halley's Comet, which appears in the upper border (scene 32), is the first known picture of this comet.

  • Frequency-Dependent Selection

    • An interesting example of this type of selection is seen in a unique group of lizards of the Pacific Northwest.
    • Like a game of rock-paper-scissors, orange beats blue, blue beats yellow, and yellow beats orange in the competition for females.
    • The big, strong orange males can fight off the blue males to mate with the blue's pair-bonded females; the blue males are successful at guarding their mates against yellow sneaker males; and the yellow males can sneak copulations from the potential mates of the large, polygynous orange males.
    • Once yellow males make up a majority of the population, blue males will be selected for.Finally, when blue males become common, orange males will once again be favored.
    • A yellow-throated side-blotched lizard is smaller than either the blue-throated or orange-throated males and appears a bit like the females of the species, allowing it to sneak copulations.

  • The Election of 1840

    • In the wake of the Panic of 1837, William Henry Harrison won the Election of 1840 with his "log cabin campaign" appeal to ordinary people.
    • The opposing Whig Party was unified for the first time behind war hero William Henry Harrison, who utilized his "log cabin campaign" to recruit voters alienated by the national economic climate.
    • The three leading candidates were William Henry Harrison, a war hero and the most successful of Van Buren's opponents in the 1836 election; Winfield Scott, another general and a hero of the War of 1812 who was active in skirmishes with the British in 1837 and 1838; and Henry Clay, the Whigs' congressional leader and former Speaker of the House.
    • The convention came on the heels of a string of Whig electoral losses.
    • Presidential election results map: Orange denotes states won by Harrison/Tyler, Blue denotes those won by Van Buren and one of his three running mates.