written language

Examples of written language in the following topics:

• Symbols and Nature

  • Language is a symbolic system of communication based on a complex system of rules relating spoken, signed, or written symbols.
  • Signs can consist of sounds, gestures, letters, or symbols, depending on whether the language is spoken, signed, or written.
  • Language is based on complex rules relating spoken, signed, or written symbols to their meanings.
  • Written language is the representation of a language by means of a writing system.
  • Written language exists only as a complement to a specific spoken language.

• Human Language and the Brain

  • Without the brain, there would be no language.
  • Wernicke's area, located in the cerebral cortex, is the part of the brain involved in understanding written and spoken language.
  • This diagram shows the areas of the brain associated with languages.
  • The areas of the brain necessary for language.
  • Spoken word, cognition, and written word all are processed in different parts of the brain in different orders.

• Quality of Written and Oral Expression

  • The quality of written and oral communication depends on the effective use of language and communication channels.
  • The quality of written and oral expression determines how effective communication will be in achieving its objectives.
  • In both written and oral communication, the use of language is the primary determinant of quality of expression.
  • Body language, eye contact, and tone of voice can play significant roles in face-to-face communication, and may even have a greater impact on the listener than the words actually spoken.
  • Channels include email, telephone, written reports, and oral presentations.

• Aphasia

  • Aphasia refers to an impaired language ability, and is often caused from brain damage; there are several subforms.
  • A person afflicted with this type of aphasia will have difficulty understanding both spoken and written language, and will also have difficulty speaking.
  • They have poor auditory and reading comprehension and fluent, but nonsensical, oral and written expression.
  • For the most part, treatment relies heavily on repetition and aims to address language performance by working on task-specific skills.
  • These are the areas primarily responsible for language and injury leads to an inability to process speech.

• Introduction to Language

  • Language is the ability to produce and comprehend spoken and written words; linguistics is the study of language.
  • Language is the ability to produce and comprehend both spoken and written (and in the case of sign language, signed) words.
  • Complex language is one of the defining factors that makes us human.
  • While every language has a different set of rules, all languages do obey rules.
  • Every human language has a lexicon—the sum total of all of the words in that language.

• Compilation and Installation

  • For example, for programs written in C, C++, or certain other compiled languages, the standard under Unix-like systems is for the user to type:
  • The Ant (ant.apache.org) build system is gaining popularity, especially with projects written in Java, and it has its own standard procedures for building and installing.
  • Also, certain programming languages, such as Perl and Python, recommend that the same method be used for most programs written in that language (for example, Perl modules use the command Perl Makefile.PL).
  • And of course, if you're using a language or programming framework that comes with its own build and install conventions—e.g., Perl or Python—you should simply use whatever the standard method is for that framework, whether on Windows, Unix, Mac OS X, or any other operating system.

• Types of Communication: Verbal, Written, and Nonverbal

  • There are three main vehicles for communication: verbal, written, and non-verbal.
  • The most common vehicles for communication are oral, non-verbal, written, and electronic.
  • Body language and tone of voice play a significant role in how oral communication is perceived.
  • Written communication includes e-mail, memos, and reports.
  • Both oral and written communication can be conveyed electronically.

• Using the First Person in Academic Writing

  • Consider how this paragraph might sound if it were written from a strong first-person point of view: "For these reasons, I think that to come to a better understanding of what it means for some piece of art to be a poem, the only course of action is to come to a better understanding of what it means for something to be a piece of art in the first place.
  • The primary reason that subjective language should be avoided is to improve how a reader perceives the argument you are presenting.
  • However, scholarly papers, such as those written for college or graduate courses, tend to contain an argumentative structure where objective language is used to make claims in evidence of a particular conclusion.
  • One way to think about why using objective language, rather than subjective language, is beneficial is to consider that your presence is already within the paper.
  • Therefore, using subjective language is redundant and distracts from your argument and conclusion.

• Appropriate Language

  • The ability to craft and control language is essential to writing effectively.
  • Effective language matches the reader's sense of what is appropriate for a given topic.
  • Nonetheless, one should avoid unnecessarily complicated language, jargon, and clichés.
  • Jargon is specialized or technical language specific to a field or concentration.
  • However, formal papers, such as those written for college or graduate courses, tend to contain an argumentative structure in which objective language is used to make claims with evidence leading to a particular conclusion.

• Sanskrit

  • Sanskrit is the primary sacred language of Hinduism, and has been used as a philosophical language in the religions of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.
  • Sanskrit traces its linguistic ancestry to Proto-Indo-Iranian and ultimately to Proto-Indo-European languages, meaning that it can be traced historically back to the people who spoke Indo-Iranian, also called the Aryan languages, as well as the Indo-European languages, a family of several hundred related languages and dialects.
  • At approximately 1000 BCE, Vedic Sanskrit began the transition from a first language to a second language of religion and learning.
  • In the medieval era, Sanskrit continued to be spoken and written, particularly by Brahmins (the name for Hindu priests of the highest caste) for scholarly communication.
  • Sudharma, a daily newspaper written in Sanskrit, has been published in India since 1970.