closed culture

Examples of closed culture in the following topics:

• Enrichment and Isolation

  • The agar triple-sugar iron (TSI) is one of the culture media used for the differentiation of most enterobacteria.
  • Growth in closed culture systems, such as a batch culture in LB broth, where no additional nutrients are added and waste products are not removed, the bacterial growth will follow a predicted growth curve and can be modeled .
  • The bacterial culture is incubated in a closed vessel with a single batch of medium.
  • The agar triple-sugar iron is one of the culture media used for the differentiation of most enterobacteria.
  • List the growth phases of microrganisms and the different types of growth media available to culture them

• Pure Culture

  • It is often essential to isolate a pure culture of microorganisms.
  • Another method of bacterial culture is liquid culture, in which the desired bacteria are suspended in liquid broth, a nutrient medium.
  • Geomyces destructans in culture from bat tissues.
  • (B) Some fungal contamination on individual isolates was visible as depicted in the close-up of a culture tube.
  • Describe how pure microbial cultures can be grown in agar-based growth medium

• Tissue Culture of Animal Viruses

  • In practice, the term "cell culture" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multi-cellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells.
  • The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture.
  • Cultured cells, eggs, and laboratory animals may be used for virus isolation.
  • Cell cultures vary greatly in their susceptibility to different viruses.
  • Discover the use of, and reasons for, culturing animal viruses in host cells

• Koch and Pure Culture

  • After Casimir Davaine demonstrated the direct transmission of the anthrax bacillus between cows, Koch studied anthrax more closely.
  • He invented methods to purify the bacillus from blood samples and grow pure cultures.
  • Additionally, it must be absent in healthy organisms prepared and maintained in a pure culture capable of producing the original infection, even after several generations in culture retrievable from an inoculated animal and cultured again.
  • Pure cultures of multicellular organisms are often more easily isolated by simply picking out a single individual to initiate a culture.
  • This is a useful technique for pure culture of fungi, multicellular algae, and small metazoa.

• Pharyngitis

  • It is a contagious infection, spread by close contact with an infected individual.
  • A throat culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis, with a sensitivity of 90–95%.
  • While the rapid strep test is quicker, it has a lower sensitivity (70%) and a statistically equal specificity (98%) as a throat culture.

• Unclassified and Uncultured Bacteria

  • Because of the existence of lateral gene transfer, some closely related bacteria have very different morphologies and metabolisms.
  • Culture techniques are designed to promote the growth and identify particular bacteria, while restricting the growth of the other bacteria in the sample.
  • Specimens that are normally sterile, such as blood, urine, or spinal fluid, are cultured under conditions designed to grow all possible organisms.
  • If a bacteria can not be cultured, classification can prove to be very difficult.
  • However, recent advances in molecular techniques do allow the sequencing of DNA from bacterial species, without the reliance on a pure culture of that given bacteria.

• DNA Analysis Using Genetic Probes and PCR

  • The use of molecular technology in the diagnoses of infectious diseases has been further enhanced by the introduction of gene amplication techniques, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in which DNA polymerase is able to copy a strand of DNA by elongating complementary strands of DNA that have been initiated from a pair of closely spaced oligonucleotide primers.
  • This approach has had major applications in the detection of infections due to microorganisms that are difficult to culture (e.g., the human immunodeficiency virus), or that have not as yet been successfully cultured (e.g., the Whipple's disease bacillus).
  • Fingerprinting technique requires high-quality genomic DNA, which is not only difficult to prepare but also requires culturing of the organism, resulting in a long turnaround time.
  • In contrast, nucleic acid amplification-based assays do not require culturing of the organisms, allowing the analysis of samples in real time.

• Industrial Production of Antibiotics

  • Oxygen concentration, temperature, pH, and nutrient levels must be optimal and are closely monitored and adjusted if necessary.
  • This process must be closely linked with retesting of antibiotic production and effectiveness.
  • To conduct such a screen, isolates of many different microorganisms are cultured and then tested for production of diffusible products that inhibit the growth of test organisms.
  • This involves screening directed towards finding new natural products that inhibit a specific target, such as an enzyme only found in the target pathogen, rather than tests to show general inhibition of a culture.

• Fusobacteria

  • Once this sore develops into a peritonsillar abscess, the pocket is filled with pus and bacteria in close proximity to the tonsils.

• Intro and major themes

  • Legumes live in close association with bacteria form nodules on their roots they convert atmospheric N2 to ammonia the plants use this nitrogen for growth.