hydrocarbon

Examples of hydrocarbon in the following topics:

• Anoxic Hydrocarbon Oxidation

  • Anoxic hydrocarbon oxidation can be used to degrade toxic hydrocarbons, such as crude oil, in anaerobic environments.
  • Hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
  • The combustion of hydrocarbons is the primary energy source for current civilizations.
  • Although it was once thought that hydrocarbon compounds could only be degraded in the presence of oxygen, the discovery of anaerobic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and pathways show that the anaerobic degradation of hydrocarbons occurs naturally.
  • Microbes may be used to degrade toxic hydrocarbons in anaerobic environments.

• Aerobic Hydrocarbon Oxidation

  • Microbes can utilize hydrocarbons via a stepwise oxidation of a hydrocarbon by oxygen produces water and, successively, an alcohol, an aldehyde or a ketone, a carboxylic acid, and then a peroxide.
  • Note the presence of oxygen, thus defining this as aerobic hydrocarbon oxidation.
  • There are examples of anaerobic hydrocarbon oxidation, which will not be discussed here.
  • Biosurfactants enhance the emulsification of hydrocarbons, have the potential to solubilize hydrocarbon contaminants, and increase their availability for microbial degradation.
  • Discuss the advantages of organisms that can undergo aerobic hydrocarbon oxidation

• Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

  • It can degrade high molecular mass polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of 4 and 5 rings.
  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), also known as poly-aromatic hydrocarbons or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, are seen in .
  • It can degrade high molecular mass polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of 4 and 5 rings.
  • An image showing three examples of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • Recognize various sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and means of removal (bio-, phy

• Industrial Microorganisms

  • Corynebacterium can also be used in steroid conversion and in the degradation of hydrocarbons.
  • Degradation of hydrocarbons is key in the breakdown and elimination of environmental toxins.
  • Items such as plastics and oils are hydrocarbons; the use of microorganisms which exhibit the ability to breakdown these compounds is critical for environmental protection .

• Endophytes and Plants

  • Inoculating crop plants with certain endophytes may provide increased disease or parasite resistance while others may possess metabolic processes that convert cellulose and other carbon sources into "myco-diesel" hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives.

• Petroleum Biodegradation

  • Some microorganisms produce enzymes that can degrade a variety of chemical compounds, including hydrocarbons like oil.
  • Aside from hydrocarbons, crude oil contains additional toxic compounds, such as pyridine.

• The Degradation of Synthetic Chemicals in Soils and Water

  • Examples of such contaminants are polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chloroethenes, and pharmaceutical substances.
  • Hydrocarbons and their derivatives were long believed to be degraded only in the presence of oxygen.

• Cold-Seep Ecosystems

  • A cold seep is an area of the ocean floor where hydrogen sulfide, methane, and other hydrocarbon-rich fluid seepage occurs.
  • A cold seep (sometimes called a cold vent) is an area of the ocean floor where hydrogen sulfide, methane, and other hydrocarbon-rich fluid seepage occurs, often in the form of a brine pool.

• Iron Oxidation

  • G. metallireducens) can use toxic hydrocarbons such as toluene as a carbon source, there is significant interest in using these organisms as bioremediation agents in ferric iron-rich contaminated aquifers .

• Carotenoids and Phycobilins

  • Carotenoids generally cannot be manufactured by species in the animal kingdom so animals obtain carotenoids in their diets, and may employ them in various ways in metabolism.There are over 600 known carotenoids; they are split into two classes, xanthophylls (which contain oxygen) and carotenes (which are purely hydrocarbons, and contain no oxygen).