Examples of sulfide in the following topics:
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- Sulfite is then further reduced to sulfide, while AMP is turned into ADP using another molecule of ATP.
- By contrast, sulfate-reducing bacteria reduce sulfate in large amounts to obtain energy and expel the resulting sulfide as waste; this is known as "dissimilatory sulfate reduction. " Most sulfate-reducing bacteria can also reduce other oxidized inorganic sulfur compounds, such as sulfite, thiosulfate, or elemental sulfur (which is reduced to sulfide as hydrogen sulfide).
- Much of the hydrogen sulfide will react with metal ions in the water to produce metal sulfides.
- These metal sulfides, such as ferrous sulfide (FeS), are insoluble and often black or brown, leading to the dark color of sludge.
- Hydrogen sulfide from sulfate-reducing bacteria also plays a role in the biogenic sulfide corrosion of concrete, and sours crude oil.
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- Some species may oxidize hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur as a supplemental source of energy (facultatively litho-heterotroph).
- They can usually be found in habitats that have high levels of hydrogen sulfide.
- Some species may oxidize hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur as a supplemental source of energy (facultatively litho-heterotroph).
- Sulfur is reduced to sulfide at the cost of stored carbon or by added hydrogen gas.
- Beggiatoa are able to detoxify hydrogen sulfide in soil.
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- A cold seep is an area of the ocean floor where hydrogen sulfide, methane, and other hydrocarbon-rich fluid seepage occurs.
- Like the mussels, tubeworms rely on chemosynthetic bacteria (in this case, a type that needs hydrogen sulfide instead of methane) for survival.
- True to any symbiotic relationship, a tubeworm also provides for their bacteria by appropriating hydrogen sulfide from the environment.
- As long as there is some sulfide in the sediment, the sulfide-mining tubeworms can persist.
- Beggiatoa are able to detoxify hydrogen sulfide in soil.
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- Magnetotactic bacteria usually mineralize either iron oxide magnetosomes , which contain crystals of magnetite (Fe3O4), or iron sulfide magnetosomes, which contain crystals of greigite (Fe3S4).
- Several other iron sulfide minerals have also been identified in iron sulfide magnetosomes — including mackinawite (tetragonal FeS) and a cubic FeS — which are thought to be precursors of Fe3S4.
- One type of magnetotactic bacterium present at the oxic-anoxic transition zone (OATZ) of the southern basin of the Pettaquamscutt River Estuary, Narragansett, Rhode Island is known to produce both iron oxide and iron sulfide magnetosomes.
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- In biochemistry, chemosynthesis is the biological conversion of one or more carbon molecules (usually carbon dioxide or methane) and nutrients into organic matter using the oxidation of inorganic molecules (e.g. hydrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide) or methane as a source of energy.
- Alternatively, in most oceanic environments, energy for chemosynthesis derives from reactions in which substances such as hydrogen sulfide or ammonia are oxidized to produce formaldehyde (which will be used to make carbohydrates) and solid globules of sulfur.
- Giant tube worms use bacteria in their trophosome to react hydrogen sulfide with oxygen as a source of energy.
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- Sulfate reduction uses sulfate (SO2−4) as the electron acceptor, producing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a metabolic end product.
- Others, such as certain Desulfovibrio species, are capable of sulfur disproportionation (splitting one compound into an electron donor and an electron acceptor) using elemental sulfur (S0), sulfite (SO3−2), and thiosulfate (S2O32-) to produce both hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfate (SO2−).
- These include the reduction of fumarate to succinate, Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) to trimethylamine (TMA), and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to Dimethyl sulfide (DMS).
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- The ferric iron produced in reaction (2) oxidized more sulfide as in reaction (1), closing the cycle and given the net reaction:
- The critical reaction is the oxidation of sulfide by ferric iron.
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- These bacteria get their energy by reducing elemental sulfur to hydrogen sulfide.
- By contrast, the sulfate-reducing bacteria considered here reduce sulfate in large amounts to obtain energy and expel the resulting sulfide as waste.
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- Instead, they use hydrogen sulfide, which is oxidized to produce granules of elemental sulfur.
- Purple sulfur bacteria are generally found in illuminated anoxic zones of lakes and other aquatic habitats where hydrogen sulfide accumulates.
- They are also found in "sulfur springs" where geochemically or biologically produced hydrogen sulfide can trigger the formation of blooms of purple sulfur bacteria.
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- Most autotrophs use water as their reducing agent (to gain hydrogen atoms), but some can use other hydrogen compounds like hydrogen sulfide.