Examples of aldosterone in the following topics:
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- In states of sodium depletion aldosterone levels increase.
- In states of sodium excess aldosterone levels decrease.
- The major physiological controller of aldosterone secretion is the plasma angiotensin II level which increases aldosterone secretion.
- A high plasma potassium also increases aldosterone secretion because besides retaining Na+ high plasma aldosterone causes K+ loss by the kidney.
- In states of sodium depletion, aldosterone levels increase, and in states of sodium excess, aldosterone levels decrease.
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- The hormones ADH (anti-diuretic hormone, also known as vasopressin) and aldosterone, a hormone created by the renin-angiotensin system play a major role in this.
- Aldosterone is a steroid hormone (corticoid) produced at the end of the renin-angiotensin system.
- Angiotensin II has a variety of effects (such as increasing thirst) but it also causes release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex.
- Aldosterone has a number of effects involved in the regulation of water output.
- Aldosterone will also cause a similar ion balancing effect in the colon and salivary glands as well.
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- The outermost layer, the zona glomerulosa is the main site for production of mineralocorticoids, mainly aldosterone, which is largely responsible for the long-term regulation of blood pressure.
- The major stimulus to produce aldosterone is angiotensin II while ACTH from the pituitary only produces a transient effect.
- The primary mineralocorticoid is aldosterone.
- Aldosterone is secreted in response to high extracellular potassium levels, low extracellular sodium levels, and low fluid levels and blood volume.
- Aldosterone affects metabolism in different ways:
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- A key modulator of blood viscosity is the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) or the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), a hormone system that regulates blood pressure and water balance.
- Angiotensin II also stimulates the secretion of the hormone aldosterone from the adrenal cortex.
- Aldosterone causes the tubules of the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and water into the blood.
- If the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is too active, blood pressure will be too high.
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- Adrenal insufficiency is a condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of cortisol and/or aldosterone.
- Adrenal insufficiency is a condition in which the adrenal glands, located above the kidneys , do not produce adequate amounts of steroid hormones, primarily cortisol, but may also include impaired aldosterone production which regulates sodium, potassium, and water retention.
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- In general, more ACE leads to more angiotensin II, which leads to more aldosterone, which leads to more retained water through sodium reabsorption in the kidney, which leads to increased blood volume and blood pressure.
- The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is dependent on ACE from the lungs to regulate blood pressure.
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- Hormonal mechanisms including the renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, and vasopressin are involved in modifying fetal renal excretion, reabsorption of sodium and water, and regulation of vascular volume.
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- The term "potassium-sparing" refers to an effect rather than a mechanism or location; nonetheless, the term almost always refers to two specific classes that have their effect at similar locations: Aldosterone antagonists: spironolactone, which is a competitive antagonist of aldosterone.
- Aldosterone normally adds sodium channels in the principal cells of the collecting duct and late distal tubule of the nephron.
- Spironolactone prevents aldosterone from entering the principal cells, preventing sodium reabsorption.
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- Part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, renin is an enzyme involved in the regulation of aldosterone levels.