anaerobic

Examples of anaerobic in the following topics:

• Creatine Supplementation

  • Creatine supplements may increase anaerobic exercise performance by augmenting phosphocreatine levels and ATP availability.
  • Creatine supplements, when used in the short-term, can increase performance during high intensity anaerobic exercise that requires short bursts of muscle contraction.
  • This is a reflection of the differential energy pools used for anaerobic versus aerobic respiration, specifically the prioritization of use of phosphocreatine as an ATP pool for Type II muscles, which are primarily used during anaerobic exercise.
  • Though there is evidence that creatine supplementation can improve anaerobic exercise performance, it is not banned in professional or college sports.

• Aerobic Training vs. Strength Training

  • Aerobic activity relies on the availability of oxygen for energy production, whereas anaerobic activity utilizes primarily glycolysis.
  • These fibers are efficient for short bursts of speed and power and use both oxidative and anaerobic metabolisms depending on the particular sub-type.
  • Anaerobic exercise, as in this example, prioritizes the use of Type II fibers.
  • However, at higher loads during anaerobic exercise, Type I fibers can also be recruited to generate a higher force from the muscle contraction.
  • Weight lifting involves short, high intensity and high force muscle contractions that utilize anaerobic metabolic pathways to fuel muscle contractions, and prioritizes use of Type II (fast-twitch) muscle fibers.

• Slow-Twitch and Fast-Twitch Muscle Fibers

  • The reaction is slower than anaerobic respiration and thus not suited to rapid movements, but much more efficient, which is why slow-twitch muscles do not tire quickly.
  • Unlike slow-twitch fibers, fast twitch-fibers rely on anaerobic respiration (glycolysis alone) to produce two molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose.
  • Lactate (lactic acid), a byproduct of anaerobic respiration, accumulates in the muscle tissue reducing the pH (making it more acidic, and producing the stinging feeling in muscles when exercising).
  • This inhibits further anaerobic respiration.

• Muscle Fatigue

  • If the respiratory or circulatory system cannot keep up with demand, then energy will be generated by the much less efficient anaerobic respiration.
  • This further inhibits anaerobic respiration, inducing fatigue.
  • Muscle specified for high-intensity anaerobic exercise will synthesise more glycolytic enzymes, whereas muscle for long endurance aerobic exercise will develop more capillaries and mitochondria.

• Adjustments During Exercise

  • Aerobic and anaerobic exercise work to increase the mechanical efficiency of the heart.
  • If exercise is too intense for oxygen demands to be satisfied in the short term, anaerobic respiration will be used to make up for the ATP deficit in the muscles.
  • This can cause a buildup of lactic acid in the muscles, which is the byproduct of lactic acid fermentation (the most common anaerobic respiration process in the human body).

• Muscular Atrophy and Hypertrophy

  • A range of stimuli can increase the volume of muscle cells, including strength training or anaerobic training.
  • These changes occur as an adaptive response that serves to increase the ability to generate force or resist fatigue in anaerobic conditions.

• Energy Requirements

  • Lactate, created from lactic acid fermentation, accounts for the anaerobic component of cardiac metabolism.

• Muscle Metabolism

  • Phosphocreatine, also known as creatine phosphate, can rapidly donate a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP and creatine under anaerobic conditions.
  • This inhibits further anaerobic respiration, inducing fatigue.

• Impacts of Exercise on Muscles

  • Muscle specified for high intensity anaerobic exercise will synthesise more glycolytic enzymes, whereas muscle for long endurance aerobic exercise will develop more capillaries and mitochondria.

• Acne

  • The most common bacteria that causes acne is Propionibacterium acnes, an anaerobic bacteria that is part of the natural bacterial flora of the face.