base

(noun)

any of a class of generally water-soluble compounds, having bitter taste, that turn red litmus blue, and react with acids to form salts

Related Terms

Examples of base in the following topics:

  • The Role of the Kidneys in Acid-Base Balance

    • The kidneys help maintain acid-base balance by excreting hydrogen ions into the urine and reabsorbing bicarbonate from the urine.
    • Urine testing is important because it can detect acid-base imbalances.
    • Acid–base imbalances that overcome this system can be compensated in the short term by changing the rate of ventilation.
    • The kidneys also play an important role in maintaining acid-base homeostasis by regulating the pH of the blood plasma.
    • The kidneys have two very important roles in maintaining the acid-base balance: to reabsorb bicarbonate from urine, and to excrete hydrogen ions into urine.

  • Periodic Abstinence

    • Calendar-based methods are various methods of estimating a woman's likelihood of fertility, based on a record of the length of previous menstrual cycles.
    • It was based on knowledge of the menstrual cycle.
    • The actual failure rate of calendar-based methods is 25% per year.
    • Calendar-based methods use records of past menstrual cycles to predict the length of future cycles.
    • Finally, calendar-based methods assume that all bleeding is true menstruation.

  • Chemical Buffer Systems

    • Acid–base homeostasis is the part of human homeostasis concerning the proper balance between acids and bases, also called body pH.
    • A buffer solution is an aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid.
    • Its pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is added to it.
    • The body's acid–base balance is normally tightly regulated, keeping the arterial blood pH between 7.38 and 7.42.
    • Distinguish between buffer solutions, ventilation, and renal function as buffer systems to control acid-base balance

  • Regulation of H+ by the Lungs

    • Acid-base imbalances in blood pH can be altered by changes in breathing to expel more CO2, which will raise pH back to normal.
    • Acid–base imbalance occurs when a significant insult causes the blood pH to shift out of the normal range (7.35 to 7.45).
    • An excess of acid in the blood is called acidemia and an excess of base is called alkalemia.
    • The process that causes the imbalance is classified based on the etiology of the disturbance (respiratory or metabolic) and the direction of change in pH (acidosis or alkalosis).
    • Acid–base imbalances that overcome the buffer system can be compensated in the short term by changing the rate of ventilation.

  • Disorders of Acid-Base Balance

    • Acid-base imbalances, including metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, can produce severe, even life-threatening medical conditions.
    • Acid–base imbalance is an abnormality of the human body's normal balance of acids and bases that causes the plasma pH to deviate out of normal range (7.35 to 7.45) .
    • Acid–base imbalances can exist in varying levels of severity, some life-threatening.
    • An excess of acid is called acidosis and an excess in bases is called alkalosis .
    • Describe the types of disorders of acid-base balance that can occur

  • Functional Classification of Joints

    • Functional classification of joints is based on the type and degree of movement permitted.
    • Functional classification is based on the type and degree of movement permitted.
    • Synovial joints are further classified based on the different types of movement they provide, including:

  • Chemical Composition of Bone

    • Acid-base imbalances, including metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, can produce severe, even life-threatening medical conditions.
    • Traveling to a high altitude can cause an acid-base imbalance due to reduced levels of oxygen in the atmosphere, and, therefore, in the blood.
    • Acid-base imbalance is an abnormality of the human body's normal balance of acids and bases that causes the plasma pH to deviate out of normal range (7.35 to 7.45) .
    • Acid-base imbalances can exist in varying levels of severity, some life-threatening.
    • An excess of acid is called acidosis and an excess in bases is called alkalosis .

  • Classification of Nerves

    • Nerves are primarily classified based on their direction of travel to or from the CNS, but they are also subclassified by other nerve characteristics.
    • Nerves are categorized into three, primary groups based on the direction of signal transmission within the nervous system.
    • Nerves can be further categorized based on where they connect to the central nervous system.
    • Peripheral nerve fibers are grouped based on the diameter, signal conduction velocity, and myelination state of the axons.
    • The A group is further subdivided into four types (A-alpha, A-beta, A-delta, and A-gamma fibers) based on the information carried by the fibers and the tissues they innervate.

  • Muscles of the Wrist and Hand

    • Attachments - Originates from the humerus and attaches to the base of the hand.
    • Attachments - Originates from the humerus and attaches to the base of the digits.
    • Attachments - Originates from the radius and attaches to the base of the thumb.
    • Attachments - Originates from radius and attaches to the base of the thumb.
    • The hypothenar muscles are located at the base of the little finger.

  • Functions of the Nervous System

    • These functions are based on the sensory input,  integration and motor output.
    • Sensory input is based on the many sensory receptors that can monitor changes occurring both inside and outside the body.