Cellular respiration

(noun)

The cellular process of producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), water, and carbon dioxide from glucose and oxygen.

Related Terms

Examples of Cellular respiration in the following topics:

  • Internal Respiration

    • Cellular respiration is the metabolic process by which an organism obtains energy through the reaction of oxygen with glucose.
    • The second is the process of cellular respiration, from which cells utilize oxygen to perform basic metabolic functions.
    • The oxygen supply for cellular respiration comes from the external respiration of the respiratory system.
    • The net formula for cellular respiration is:
    • Cellular respiration can occur anaerobically without oxygen, such as through lactic acid fermentation.

  • Muscle Metabolism

    • This lactic acid accumulation in the muscle tissue reduces the pH (making it more acidic, and producing the stinging feeling in muscles when exercising) which inhibits further anaerobic respiration inducing fatigue.
    • Cellular respiration is not as rapid as the above mechanisms; however, it is required for extended periods of exercise upwards of 30 seconds.
    • Cellular respiration is limited by oxygen availability and as such lactic acid can still build up if insufficient pyruvate can enter the Krebs Cycle.
    • Cellular respiration plays a key role in returning the muscles to normal after exercise, converting the excess pyruvate into ATP and also in regenerating the stores of ATP, phosphocreatine and glycogen in the muscle required for more rapid contractions.

  • Types of Shock

    • Circulatory shock is a life-threatening medical condition that occurs due to inadequate substrate for aerobic cellular respiration.
    • Circulatory shock, commonly known simply as shock, is a life-threatening medical condition that occurs due to inadequate substrates for aerobic cellular respiration.

  • Rigor Mortis

    • After death, cellular respiration in organisms ceases to occur, depleting the corpse of oxygen used in the making of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
    • This release of calcium is caused by the loss of ATP-mediated function of calcium pumps of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, due to ATP depletion in the absence of cellular respiration.

  • Functions of Blood

    • All cells require oxygen and glucose to undergo cellular respiration.
    • Carbon dioxide, which travels through the blood mostly as bicarbonate, is transported from tissues as a waste product of cellular respiration to the lungs during gas exchange.

  • The Reason for Breathing

    • Respiration is often referred to as breathing, but it can also mean cellular respiration, which is the main reason why breathing is important.
    • Cells require oxygen from the air to extract energy from glucose through respiration, which produces carbon dioxide and water as a waste product.
    • Therefore, oxygen is vital for every part of normal cellular function, and oxygen deficiency can have severe pathological consequences.
    • Another key role of respiration is maintaining proper blood pH.

  • Homeostatic Responses to Shock

    • An organism responds with numerous reactions during each of the four stages of shock in an attempt to maintain cellular homeostasis.
    • Circulatory shock, commonly known simply as shock, is a life-threatening medical condition that occurs due to inadequate substrate for aerobic cellular respiration.
    • Due to the lack of oxygen, the cells perform anaerobic respiration.
    • Adenosine easily perfuses out of cellular membranes into extracellular fluid, furthering capillary vasodilation, and then is transformed into uric acid.
    • Adenosine easily perfuses out of cellular membranes into extracellular fluid, furthering capillary vasodilation, and then is transformed into uric acid.

  • Regulation of Water Intake

    • Fluid can enter the body as preformed water, ingested food and drink, and, to a lesser extent, as metabolic water, which is produced as a by-product of aerobic respiration (cellular respiration) and dehydration synthesis.
    • A constant supply is needed to replenish the fluids lost through normal physiological activities, such as respiration, sweating, and urination.
    • In the normal resting state, input of water through ingested fluids is approximately 1200 ml/day, from ingested foods 1000 ml/day, and from aerobic respiration 300 ml/day, totaling 2500 ml/day .

  • External Respiration

    • Respiration is the transport of oxygen to the cells within tissues and the transport of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction.
    • External respiration is the formal term for gas exchange.
    • The walls of the alveolar membrane are thin and covered with a fluid, extra-cellular matrix that provides a surface for gas molecules in the air of the lungs to diffuse into, from which they can then diffuse into the capillaries.
    • The exchange of gas and blood supply to the lungs must be balanced in order to facilitate efficient external respiration.
    • External respiration is a result of partial pressure gradients, alveolar surface area, and ventilation and perfusion matching.

  • Neural Mechanisms (Cortex)

    • Voluntary respiration is any type of respiration that is under conscious control.
    • Voluntary respiration is important for the higher functions that involve air supply, such as voice control or blowing out candles.
    • Different parts of the cerebral cortex control different forms of voluntary respiration.
    • Activity has also been seen within the supplementary motor area and the premotor cortex during voluntary respiration.
    • There are several nerves responsible for the muscular functions involved in respiration.