post-absorptive state

Examples of post-absorptive state in the following topics:

• Postabsorptive State

  • The post-absorptive state occurs around three to five hours after a meal has been completely digested and absorbed.
  • The metabolic state achieved after complete digestion and absorption of a meal.
  • Metabolic changes toward the fasting state begin after absorption of a meal (typically three to five hours after a meal); "post-absorptive state" is synonymous with this usage, in contrast to the "post-prandial" state of ongoing digestion.
  • During fasting, post-absorptive state, fatty acid oxidation contributes proportionately more to energy expenditure than does carbohydrate oxidation.
  • This indicates that there is support of post-absorptive plasma glucose concentrations from glucagon, when in concert with insulin.

• Absorptive State

  • When the gastrointestinal tract is full, anabolism exceeds catabolism; this is the absorptive state.
  • Absorptive state is the period in which the gastrointestinal tract is full and the anabolic processes exceed catabolism.
  • The glycogen and fat will be stored in the liver and adipose tissue, respectively, as reserves for the post-absorptive state.

• Absorption of Alcohol

  • It also takes a post-operative patient longer to reach sober levels after consuming alcohol.
  • Alcohol absorption can be slowed by ingesting alcohol on a full stomach.
  • Spreading the total absorption of alcohol over a greater period of time decreases the maximum alcohol level, decreasing the hangover effect.
  • In the United States, up to two million people have alcohol-related liver disorders.
  • Up to half a million people in the United States develop alcohol related liver cancer.

• Malabsorption of Nutrients

  • Malabsorption is a state arising from abnormality in absorption of food nutrients across the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
  • Until the 1970s, it was assumed by scientists and medical professionals in the United States that all children (except a very few with allergies) could drink milk without problems.
  • Malabsorption is a state arising from abnormality in absorption of food nutrients across the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
  • These symptoms are due to impaired water, carbohydrate, and electrolyte absorption; or irritation from unabsorbed fatty acids.
  • People whose absorptive surfaces are severely limited from disease or surgery may need long term total parenteral nutrition.

• Bulk Flow: Filtration and Reabsorption

  • Alternatively when moving from the interstitium into the bloodstreatm the process is termed re-absorption and is favoured by blood oncotic pressure and interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure.
  • This indicates that capillaries are normally in a state of filtration along their entire length.
  • Tubular re-absorption is the process by which solutes and water are removed from the tubular fluid and transported into the blood.
  • Re-absorption is a two-step process beginning with the active or passive extraction of substances from the tubule fluid into the renal interstitium, and then the transport of these substances from the interstitium into the bloodstream

• Dietary Fiber

  • Fiber does not bind to minerals and vitamins, so it does not restrict their absorption.
  • Evidence exists that fermentable fiber sources improve absorption of minerals, especially calcium.
  • Some plant foods can reduce the absorption of minerals and vitamins like calcium, zinc, vitamin C, and magnesium, but this is caused by the presence of phytate (which is also thought to have important health benefits), not by fiber.
  • Current recommendations from the United States Institutes of Medicine suggest that adults should consume 20–35 grams of dietary fiber per day, but the average American's daily intake of dietary fiber is only 12–18 grams.

• Osteomalacia and Rickets

  • However, those physical signs may derive from a previous osteomalacial state, since bones do not regain their original shape after they become deformed.
  • Vitamin D is required for proper calcium absorption from the gut.
  • Sunlight, especially ultraviolet B light, lets human skin cells convert vitamin D from an inactive to active state.
  • Cases have been reported in Britain (and the United States) in recent years of rickets in children of many social backgrounds caused by inability to make vitamin D because the sun's ultraviolet light was not reaching the skin because of persistent use of strong sunblock, or too much "covering up" in sunlight, or spending too much time indoors.

• Anemia

  • At the beginning of the 20th century, hookworm infection was a major and severe problem in the southern United States.
  • Reticulocyte counts, and the "kinetic" approach to anemia, have become more common than in the past in the large medical centers of the United States and some other wealthy nations; in part, because some automatic counters now have the capacity to include reticulocyte counts.
  • It is due to insufficient dietary intake or absorption of iron to meet the body's needs.
  • In the United States, the most common cause of iron deficiency is bleeding or blood loss, usually from the gastrointestinal tract.

• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

  • A review of multiple studies, involving a number of different post-event psychological interventions structured to prevent PTSD "...did not find any evidence to support the use of an intervention offered to everyone", and that "...multiple session interventions may result in a worse outcome than no intervention for some individuals. "
  • CBT have been proven to be an effective treatment for PTSD and is currently considered the standard of care for PTSD by the United States Department of Defense.
  • Based on the evidence of controlled research, the American Psychiatric Association and the United States Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense have placed EMDR in the highest category of effectiveness and research support in the treatment of trauma.
  • Describe the role of the endocrine system in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

• Autopsy

  • An autopsy or post-mortem examination is a specialized surgical procedure to determine cause of death.
  • An autopsy—also known as a post-mortem examination, necropsy (particularly as to non-human bodies), autopsia cadaverum, or obduction—is a highly specialized surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse to determine the cause and manner of death and to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present.
  • The principal aim of an autopsy is to determine the cause of death, the state of health of the person before he or she died, and whether any medical diagnosis and treatment before death was appropriate.
  • In United States law, deaths are placed in one of five manners: natural, accident, homicide, suicide and undetermined.