Structures Used in Voice Production
![Places of articulation for voice production](../../../../../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/1962/raw/places-of-articulation.jpg)
Places of articulation for voice production
Places of articulation (active and passive): 1. Exo-labial (outer part of lip), 2. Endo-labial (inner part of lip), 3. Dental (teeth), 4. Alveolar (front part of alveolar ridge), 5. Post-alveolar (rear part of alveolar ridge & slightly behind it), 6. Pre-palatal (front part of hard palate that arches upward), 7. Palatal (hard palate), 8. Velar (soft palate), 9. Uvular (a.k.a. Post-velar; uvula), 10. Pharyngeal (pharyngeal wall), 11. Glottal (a.k.a. Laryngeal; vocal folds), 12. Epiglottal (epiglottis), 13. Radical (tongue root), 14. Postero-dorsal (back of tongue body), 15. Antero-dorsal (front of tongue body), 16. Laminal (tongue blade), 17. Apical (apex or tongue tip), and 18. Sub-laminal (also known as sub-apical; underside of tongue)
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