Examples of shaping in the following topics:
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- Shaping is a method of operant conditioning by which successive approximations of a target behavior are reinforced.
- In his operant-conditioning experiments, Skinner often used an approach called shaping.
- Shaping is useful because it is often unlikely that an organism will display anything but the simplest of behaviors spontaneously.
- In shaping, behaviors are broken down into many small, achievable steps.
- Shaping is also a useful technique in human learning.
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- Perceptual constancy is perceiving objects as having constant shape, size, and color regardless of changes in perspective, distance, and lighting.
- Perceptual constancy is the tendency to see familiar objects as having standard shape, size, color, or location, regardless of changes in the angle of perspective, distance, or lighting.
- Regardless of changes to an object's orientation, the shape of the object as it is perceived is constant.
- Or, perhaps more accurately, the actual shape of the object is sensed by the eye as changing but then perceived by the brain as the same.
- This form of perceptual constancy allows us to perceive that the door is made of the same shapes despite different images being delivered to our retinae.
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- The main tenet of cultural psychology is that mind and culture are inseparable and mutually constitutive, meaning that people are shaped by their culture and their culture is also shaped by them.
- Cultural psychology is often confused with cross-cultural psychology; however, it is distinct in that cross-cultural psychologists generally use culture as a means of testing the universality of psychological processes, rather than determining how local cultural practices shape psychological processes.
- So while a cross-cultural psychologist might ask whether Jean Piaget's stages of development are universal across a variety of cultures, a cultural psychologist would be interested in how the social practices of a particular set of cultures shape the development of cognitive processes in different ways.
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- Depth perception relies on the convergence of both eyes upon a single object, the relative differences between the shape and size of the images on each retina, the relative size of objects in relation to each other, and other cues such as texture and constancy.
- For example, shape constancy allows the individual to see an object as a constant shape from different angles, so that each eye is recognizing a single shape and not two distinct images.
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- Human intelligence is shaped by both internal genetic factors and external environmental circumstances.
- Many different environmental influences have been found to shape intelligence.
- Biological influences act on the physical body, while sociocultural influences shape the mind and behavior of an individual.
- Biological influences include everything from nutrition to stress, and begin to shape intelligence from prenatal stages onward.
- Moving outside of the family unit, human beings are substantially shaped by their respective peer groups.
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- The influence of parental and peer relationships, as well as the broader culture, shapes many aspects of adolescent development.
- Many factors that shape adolescent development vary by culture.
- The lifestyle of an adolescent in a given culture is also profoundly shaped by the roles and responsibilities he or she is expected to assume.
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- It seeks to understand how our personalities and traits are the product of our genetic makeup and biological factors, and how they are shaped by our environment, including our parents, peers, and culture.
- Eric Erikson modified Freud’s ideas and suggested a theory of psychosocial development: he said that our social interactions and successful completion of social tasks shape our sense of self.
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- His experiments used shaping, reinforcement, and reinforcement schedules in order to prove the importance of the relationship that animals form between behaviors and results.
- Shaping is the conditioning paradigm of an experiment.
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- fungiform papillae, which are mushroom-shaped and located at the tip of the tongue;
- circumvallate papillae, which are circular-shaped and located in a row just in front of the end of the tongue.
- Each taste bud is flask-like in shape and formed by two types of cells: supporting cells and gustatory cells.