Examples of subjective in the following topics:
-
- Despite its great influence, humanistic psychology has also been criticized for its subjectivity and lack of evidence.
- Humanistic psychology focuses on subjective experiences as opposed to fixed, forced, definitive factors that determine behavior.
- The inclusion of the subjective field of reality allows for variation among people who would otherwise act or behave similarly.
- Because of the subjective nature of the study, psychologists still worry about the falsifiability of the humanistic approach.
- Psychologists also worry that such an extreme focus on the subjective experience of the individual does little to explain or appreciate the impact of society on personality development.
-
- Emotions are subjective experiences that involve physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal.
- Emotions are subjective states of being that, physiologically speaking, involve physiological arousal, psychological appraisal and cognitive processes, subjective experiences, and expressive behavior.
- Typically, the word emotion indicates a (generally conscious) subjective, affective state that is often intense and that occurs in response to a specific experience.
-
- The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) refer to the relationship between the experiences reported by subjects and the activity that simultaneously takes place in their brains.
- The study of NCC seeks to link objective, observable, neural activity to subjective, unobservable, conscious phenomena.
- Scientists believe it may be the case that every phenomenal, subjective state has its own neural correlate.
- These studies take a seemingly simple and unambiguous visual stimulus and record differences in its subjective perception by a study participant.
- The study of neural correlates of consciousness seeks to link activity within the brain to subjective human experiences in the physical world.
-
- In using the foot-in-the-door technique, the subject is asked to perform a small request, and after agreeing, a larger request is made.
- This technique begins with an initial large request that the subject is not expected to comply with.
- Low-balling gains compliance by offering the subject something at a low initial cost.
- After the subject agrees to the initial cost, the requester increases the cost at the last moment.
- The subject is more likely to comply with this change in cost since he or she feels like an agreement has already occurred.
-
- Psychological research involving human subjects must take into account many ethical considerations.
- By the end of the study in 1972, only 74 of the test subjects were still alive.
- The participants adapted to their roles well beyond expectations, as the guards enforced authoritarian measures, and ultimately subjected some of the prisoners to psychological torture.
- Such organizations include the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, and the Office for Human Research Protections.
- Ethical guidelines help researchers make the right decisions, such as getting informed consent from human subjects.
-
- The guards enforced authoritarian measures and ultimately subjected some of the prisoners to psychological and physical torture.
- Specifically, the subjects were exposed to significant short-term stress, as
well as potential long-term trauma.
- Additionally, neither Milgram nor Zimbardo
informed subjects ahead of time of the nature of their participation.
- The experimenter (E) convinces the subject (T) to give what he believes are painful electric shocks to another subject, who is actually an actor (L).
- Many subjects continued to give shocks despite pleas of mercy from the actors.
-
- Interpretation, the final stage of perception, is the subjective process through which we represent and understand stimuli.
- Our interpretations are subjective and based on personal factors.
- It is in this final stage of the perception process that individuals most directly display their subjective views of the world around them.
- When the letters were associated with the pleasant task, subjects were more likely to perceive a letter B, and when letters were associated with the unpleasant task they tended to perceive a number 13.
-
- How we learn and incorporate information is directly influenced by psychology and is a key subject of interest for educational psychologists.
- It is concerned with how students learn and develop, often focusing on subgroups such as gifted children and those subject to specific disabilities.
-
- The method requires that the subject perform behaviors that at first merely resemble the target behavior; through reinforcement, these behaviors are gradually changed, or shaped, to encourage the performance of the target behavior itself.
- As the subject moves through each behavior trial, rewards for old, less approximate behaviors are discontinued in order to encourage progress toward the desired behavior.
- In this way, shaping uses operant-conditioning principles to train a subject by rewarding proper behavior and discouraging improper behavior.
-
- A category illuminates a relationship between the subjects and objects of knowledge, with a set of properties that are shared by its members.
- The classical view of categorization states that categories should be clearly defined, mutually exclusive, and collectively exhaustive so that any subject or object of the given classification belongs unequivocally to one, and only one, of the proposed categories.
- Miscategorization occurs when an individual does not create structured, rational, and meaningful designations for categories, and the relationship of the varying subjects and objects within each category is unclear.
- A concept is an understanding of a subject or object retained in the mind from experience, reasoning, or imagination.