Examples of theory in the following topics:
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- The Cannon–Bard theory of emotion argues that physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously but independently.
- Researchers have developed several theories of how human emotions arise and are represented in the brain.
- The Cannon–Bard theory of emotion was developed by researchers who criticized the James–Lange theory for its limited ability to account for the wide variety of emotions experienced by human beings.
- While the James–Lange theory proposes that emotions arise from physical arousal the Cannon–Bard theory argues that physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously, yet independently (Lang, 1994).
- According to the Cannon–Bard theory, emotional expression results from activation of the subcortical centers of the brain.
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- According to the James–Lange theory of emotion, emotions arise from physiological arousal.
- Researchers have developed several theories of how human emotions arise and are represented in the brain.
- To address these limitations, other theories—such as the Cannon–Bard theory—have been developed.
- The James–Lange theory of emotion states that emotions arise as a result of physiological arousal.
- Describe the relationship between emotion and arousal according to the James–Lange theory
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- The Schachter–Singer theory views emotion as the result of the interaction between two factors: physiological arousal and cognition.
- Researchers have developed several theories of how human emotions arise and are represented in the brain.
- Like the James–Lange and Cannon–Bard theories, the Schachter–Singer theory of emotion (also known as the two-factor theory) attempts to explain emotion as it relates to physiological arousal.
- Contrary to the James–Lange theory, therefore, which asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal, this theory argues that bodily changes can support conscious emotional experiences but do not necessarily cause them.
- Describe the relationship between the "two factors" of two-factor theory, also known as Schachter–Singer theory
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- Critics of the social-cognitive theory of personality argue that it is not a unified theory and does not explain development over time.
- One of the main criticisms of the social-cognitive theory is that it is not a unified theory.
- This means that the different aspects of the theory may not be connected.
- The findings associated with this theory are still, for the most part, preliminary.
- Finally, this theory tends to ignore maturation throughout the lifespan.
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- Freud's theory described dreams as having both latent and manifest content.
- Threat-simulation theory suggests that dreaming should be seen as an ancient biological defense mechanism.
- This theory explains why dreams are usually forgotten immediately afterwards.
- One prominent neurobiological theory of dreaming is the activation-synthesis theory, which states that dreams don't actually mean anything.
- The continual-activation theory proposes that dreaming is a result of brain activation and synthesis.
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- While trait theories are useful in categorizing behavior, they have been criticized by a number of psychologists.
- Another strength is that trait theories use objective criteria for categorizing and measuring behavior.
- While developing their theories independently of each other, trait theorists often arrived at a similar set of traits.
- Another limitation of trait theories is that they require personal observations or subjective self-reports to measure.
- Another criticism is that trait theories do not explain why an individual behaves in a certain way.
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- Drive-reduction theory was first developed by Clark Hull in 1943.
- According to this theory, deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs.
- Drive-reduction theory distinguishes between primary and secondary drives.
- Clark Leonard Hull developed drive-reduction theory, one of the earliest theories of motivation.
- Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of how drive-reduction theory explains motivation