discrimination

Examples of discrimination in the following topics:

• Discrimination Against Individuals

  • Controversial attempts have been made to redress negative effects of discrimination.
  • Unfair discrimination usually follows the gender stereotypes held by a society.
  • Reverse discrimination is a term referring to discrimination against members of a dominant or majority group, including the city or state, or in favor of members of a minority or historically disadvantaged group.
  • Reverse discrimination may also be used to highlight the discrimination inherent in affirmative action programs.
  • Give an example of discrimination and reverse discrimination using examples of religious, gender, or racial prejudice

• Institutional Prejudice or Discrimination

  • Institutionalized discrimination refers to discrimination embedded in the procedures, policies or objectives of large organizations.
  • Institutionalized discrimination within the housing market also includes practices like redlining and mortgage discrimination.
  • Institutionalized discrimination within the housing market also includes practices like redlining and mortgage discrimination.
  • The achievement gap in education is another example of institutionalized discrimination.
  • Examine the legal cases that had an impact on institutional discrimination

• Prejudice

  • Ageism is the discrimination of groups because of their age, and applies especially to the elderly.
  • Ageism is the stereotyping and discrimination against individuals or groups because of their age.
  • Ageism can be applied to discrimination against any age group, such as discrimination against teenagers, but this section will focus on ageist discrimination against seniors.
  • Employment discrimination, or the presence of discrimination against a targeted group in the workplace, manifests in two different ways vis-à-vis elderly workers.
  • The government has tried to combat age discrimination through laws such as the federal Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 which forbids employers from discriminating against employees over the age of forty.

• Racism

  • Racism is the belief that different traits of racial groups are inherent and justify discrimination.
  • Racism is the belief that different inherent traits in racial groups justify discrimination.
  • The United Nations uses a definition of racist discrimination laid out in the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination adopted in 1965:
  • Individual-level racism is prejudice, bias, or discrimination displayed in an interaction between two or more people.
  • An example of structural racism can be seen in recent research on workplace discrimination.

• Women as a Minority

  • Underlying this unequal treatment of women is sexism, which is discrimination based on sex -- in the context of a patriarchal society, discrimination against women in particular.
  • Discrimination against women is evident in a number of different spheres of society, whether political, legal, economic, or familial.
  • It should be noted that gender discrimination also ties in with race and class discrimination -- a concept known as "intersectionality," first named by feminist sociologist Kimberlé Crenshaw.
  • Most studies have shown that people who fall into the bottom of the social hierarchy in terms of race or gender are more likely to receive lower wages, to be subjected to stereotypes and discriminated against, or be hired for exploitive domestic positions.
  • In 1979, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) for legal implementation of the Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.

• Job Discrimination

  • Despite legal protections, job discrimination against women still exists in the workplace.
  • Beyond sexual harassment, the most obvious instance of inequality in the workplace is wage discrimination.
  • List the forms of discrimination that women may face on the job

• Minorities

  • There are some who argue that minorities are owed special recognition and rights, while others feel that minorities are unjustified in demanding special rights, as this amounts to preferential discrimination and could hamper the ability of the minority to integrate itself into mainstream society (i.e. they may have difficulty finding work if they do not speak the predominant language for their geographic area).
  • An example of a minority population discriminating against a majority population is seen in the racial apartheid that existed until just recently in South Africa.
  • South Africans of European descent (the minority) discriminated against the majority African population (the majority).
  • Additional examples of minorities discriminating against majorities include two instances of colonial rule:
  • Racial discrimination is and has been official government policy in many countries.

• The Older Years

  • Age discrimination is a prevalent social problem facing the elderly.
  • While discrimination toward the young is primarily visible through behavioral restrictions, discrimination toward the elderly ranges from behavioral restrictions to physical abuse.
  • Discuss some of the implications of old age, particularly in relation to Erikson's "Eight Stages of Life" and age discrimination

• Homophobia

  • Homophobia is observable in critical and hostile behavior like discrimination and violence.
  • Institutional discrimination involves the state apparatus.
  • Informal discrimination is not necessarily sanctioned by the state, but involves social pressures against LGBTQ individuals, behaviors, and identities.
  • One notorious example of homophobia and extreme discrimination was the persecution of LGBTQ individuals by the Nazis during the Holocaust.
  • Many instances of homophobia and discrimination occur by informal means.

• Gender Inequality in Health Care

  • Gender discrimination in health care manifests itself primarily as the difference that men and women pay for their insurance premium.
  • Gender discrimination in health care manifests primarily as the amount of money one pays for insurance premiums—the amount paid per month in order to be covered by insurance.
  • Fewer than ten state governments prohibit gender discrimination in insurance premiums.
  • Gender discrimination in health care could be changing in the United States.