graph

(noun)

A diagram displaying data; in particular one showing the relationship between two or more quantities, measurements or indicative numbers that may or may not have a specific mathematical formula relating them to each other.

Examples of graph in the following topics:

  • Misleading Graphs

    • In statistics, a misleading graph, also known as a distorted graph, is a graph which misrepresents data, constituting a misuse of statistics and with the result that an incorrect conclusion may be derived from it.
    • Misleading graphs are often used in false advertising.
    • Generally, the more explanation a graph needs, the less the graph itself is needed.
    • Graphs may also be truncated to save space.
    • In the United States, graphs do not have to be audited.

  • Graphing Quantitative Variables

    • There are many types of graphs that can be used to portray distributions of quantitative variables.
    • The upcoming sections cover the following types of graphs: (1) stem and leaf displays, (2) histograms, (3) frequency polygons, (4) box plots, (5) bar charts, (6) line graphs, (7) scatter plots, and (8) dot plots.
    • Some graph types such as stem and leaf displays are best-suited for small to moderate amounts of data, whereas others such as histograms are best-suited for large amounts of data.
    • Graph types such as box plots are good at depicting differences between distributions.

  • Graphing the Normal Distribution

    • The graph of a normal distribution is a bell curve, as shown below.
    • Out of these two graphs, graph 1 and graph 2, which one represents a set of data with a larger standard deviation?
    • The correct answer is graph 2.
    • The larger the standard deviation, the wider the graph.
    • The smaller it is, the narrower the graph.

  • Line Graphs

    • Judge whether a line graph would be appropriate for a given data set
    • A line graph is a bar graph with the tops of the bars represented by points joined by lines (the rest of the bar is suppressed).
    • A line graph of these same data is shown in Figure 2.
    • Although bar graphs can also be used in this situation, line graphs are generally better at comparing changes over time.
    • A line graph of the percent change in the CPI over time.

  • Interpreting Distributions Constructed by Others

    • Unless you are constructing a graph of a distribution on your own, you need to be very careful about how you read and interpret graphs.
    • In statistics, these types of graphs are called misleading graphs (or distorted graphs).
    • Misleading graphs are often used in false advertising.
    • Generally, the more explanation a graph needs, the less the graph itself is needed.
    • A truncated graph has a y-axis that does not start at 0.

  • Displaying Data

    • A statistical graph is a tool that helps you learn about the shape or distribution of a sample.
    • Newspapers and the Internet use graphs to show trends and to enable readers to compare facts and figures quickly.
    • Statisticians often graph data first to get a picture of the data.
    • Some of the types of graphs that are used to summarize and organize data are the dot plot, the bar chart, the histogram, the stem-and-leaf plot, the frequency polygon (a type of broken line graph), pie charts, and the boxplot.
    • In this chapter, we will briefly look at stem-and-leaf plots, line graphs and bar graphs.

  • Statistical Literacy

    • Fox News aired the line graph below showing the number unemployed during four quarters between 2007 and 2010.
    • Does Fox News' line graph provide misleading information?
    • There are major flaws with the Fox News graph.
    • First, the title of the graph is misleading.
    • Although the data show the number unemployed, Fox News' graph is titled "Job Loss by Quarter."

  • Reading Points on a Graph

    • A graph is a representation of a set of objects where some pairs of the objects are connected by links.
    • Graphs are one of the objects of study in discrete mathematics.
    • This latter type of graph is called a directed graph and the edges are called directed edges or arcs.Vertices are also called nodes or points, and edges are also called lines or arcs.
    • Graphs are the basic subject studied by graph theory.
    • The word "graph" was first used in this sense by J.J.

  • Plotting Lines

    • A line graph is a type of chart which displays information as a series of data points connected by straight line segments.
    • A line graph is a type of chart which displays information as a series of data points connected by straight line segments.
    • In the experimental sciences, such as statistics, data collected from experiments are often visualized by a graph.
    • This layer is referred to as a best-fit layer and the graph containing this layer is often referred to as a line graph.
    • Such curve fitting functionality is often found in graphing software or spreadsheets.

  • Stem and Leaf Graphs (Stemplots), Line Graphs and Bar Graphs

    • When you graph an outlier, it will appear not to fit the pattern of the graph.
    • Another type of graph that is useful for specific data values is a line graph.
    • The results are shown in the table and the line graph.
    • Bar graphs consist of bars that are separated from each other.
    • The 3-dimensional graph (2.4b) shows the Race/Ethnicity of U.S.