Examples of Rights of Man in the following topics:
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The Rights of Englishmen
- "The rights of Englishmen" refers to unwritten constitutional rights and liberties, originating in Britain peaking in the Enlightenment.
- "The rights of Englishmen" is a concept used to describe a tradition of unwritten constitutional rights and liberties, originating in Britain, from which many Anglo-American declarations of rights have drawn inspiration.
- Among other important clauses, Magna Carta forbade the king from arbitrarily punishing any free man without due process of law and decreed that all nobles were to be judged by a jury of peers.
- For instance, in 1690, John Locke (one of the fathers of the English Enlightenment) wrote that all people have fundamental natural rights to "life, liberty and property," and that governments were created in order to protect these rights.
- Essentially, Lockean conceptions of political rights included the right of man to determine the political structure that would oversee the protection of his natural rights.
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The Warren Court
- The Warren Court's doctrine may be seen as proceeding aggressively in three general areas: its decisive reading of the first eight amendments in the Bill of Rights, its commitment to unblocking the channels of political change ("one-man, one-vote"), and its vigorous protection of the rights of racial minority groups.
- This had a significant impact on law enforcement in the United States, by making what became known as the Miranda rights part of routine police procedure to ensure that suspects were informed of their rights.
- The one man, one vote cases (Baker v.
- But Douglas found such a formula: "one man, one vote."
- Warren is best known for the liberal decisions of the so-called Warren Court, which outlawed segregation in public schools and transformed many areas of American law, especially regarding the rights of the accused, ending public school-sponsored prayers, and requiring "one man–one vote" rules of apportionment of election districts.
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The Jackson Presidency
- Andrew Jackson's presidency was a highly controversial period characterized by Jacksonian democracy and the rise of the common man.
- Jacksonian democracy was the political movement toward greater democracy for the common man.
- The Jacksonians believed that voting rights should be extended to all white men.
- Many Jacksonians held the view that rotating political appointees in and out of office was not only the right, but also the duty, of winners in political contests.
- In 1828, South Carolina nullified, or declared void, the tariff legislation of 1828, and set in motion the right of a state to nullify any federal laws that went against its interests.
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The Spread of Democracy
- The fact that a man was now legally allowed to vote did not necessarily mean that he routinely did vote in practice.
- Inducing potential voters to exercise their right at the polls became the objective of local political parties, who began systematically seeking out supporters in their communities.
- Similarly, Jacksonian democracy sought greater input to the democratic process for the common man.
- The Whigs became the inheritors of Jeffersonian Democracy in terms of promoting schools and colleges.
- Andrew Jackson inspired a wave of political participation among "the common man
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The Democratization of the Political Arena
- Expanded Suffrage: The Jacksonians believed that voting rights should be extended to all white men.
- Many Jacksonians held the view that rotating political appointees in and out of office was not only the right, but also the duty, of winners in political contests.
- Jackson said that he would guard against "all encroachments upon the legitimate sphere of State sovereignty. " This is not to say that Jackson was a states' rights extremist; indeed, the Nullification Crisis would find Jackson fighting against what he perceived as state encroachments on the proper sphere of federal influence.
- An important movement in the period from 1800 to 1830—before the Jacksonians were organized—was the expansion of the right to vote to include all white men.
- The fact that a man was now legally allowed to vote did not necessarily mean he routinely did vote.
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Women's Rights
- In 1840, Lucretia Mott and Margaret Fuller became active in Boston, the latter authoring the book The Great Lawsuit; Man vs.
- The first women's-rights convention was held in Seneca Falls, New York, in July of 1848.
- A set of 12 resolutions was adopted, calling for equal treatment of women and men under the law and voting rights for women.
- Another advocate of women's rights was Lucy Stone.
- Lucy Stone, the first American woman recorded to have retained her own name after marriage, was an important figure in the women's-rights movement of the nineteenth century and an organizer of the National Women's Rights Convention.
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The Emergence of the Civil Rights Movement
- While not the first sit-in of the Civil Rights Movement, the Greensboro sit-ins were an instrumental action, and also the most well-known sit-ins of the Civil Rights Movement.
- By highlighting racial injustice in the South, they contributed to passage that year of the Voting Rights Act, a landmark federal achievement of the Civil Rights Movement.
- A critical Supreme Court decision of this phase of the Civil Rights Movement was the 1954 Brown v.
- The Voting Rights Act of 1965, which restored and protected voting rights.
- In Mississippi, Stokely Carmichael, one of SNCC's leaders, declared, "I'm not going to beg the white man for anything that I deserve, I'm going to take it.
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Washington and DuBois
- Barnett, an early leader in the civil rights movement.
- Wells held strong political opinions and provoked many people with her views on women's rights.
- The year before, Supreme Court had struck down the federal Civil Rights Act of 1875, which banned racial discrimination in public accommodations.
- Wells talks about slavery, saying the black man's body and soul were owned by the white man.
- The soul was dwarfed by the white man, and the body was preserved because of its value.
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The Scopes Trial
- The law prohibited public school teachers from denying the Biblical account of man's origin, namely that God had created the world and everything in it in seven days.
- The law also prevented the teaching of the evolution of man from what it referred to as "lower orders of animals," rather than the Biblical account of man appearing fully formed in the person of Adam, closely followed by Eve.
- The non-profit legal organization, whose stated mission is "to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed to every person in this country by the Constitution and laws of the United States", financed a case to test the legality of the Butler Act in a court proceeding that would deliberately attract publicity to the issue.
- Prominent attorney Clarence Darrow spoke in defense of Scopes by presenting the Modernist argument in favor of the Theory of Evolution.
- Based on research in Charles Darwin’s 1859 book, On the Origin of Species, the theory contends that man developed over millions of years from other biological organisms, including apes (hence the nickname "Scopes Monkey Trial.")
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The John F. Kennedy Administration
- Kennedy's presidency is known for his New Frontier policies, containment policy toward the Soviet Union, support for civil rights, and expansion of the space program.
- He called upon the nations of the world to join together and fight what he called the "common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself."
- Kennedy wanted to dismantle the selection of immigrants based on country of origin and saw this as an extension of his civil rights policies.
- Kennedy also made several motions to support African-American civil rights as well as the rights of other marginalized groups, such as women.
- On July 20, 1969, almost six years after Kennedy's death, Apollo 11 landed the first manned spacecraft on the moon.