mai
(noun)
A term that in the history of the Kanem-Bornu Empire was used to roughly refer to a king.
Examples of mai in the following topics:
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The Xia Dynasty
- The final part of the Mythical Period was under the rule of the legendary Xia Dynasty, which may have been mythological.
- Nonetheless, the Xia Dynasty may not be a complete fabrication; recent archaeological evidence may support its existence.
- (For a long time it was believed that the later Shang Dynasty may also have been purely mythological, until archaeology proved that it was real.)
- This may in fact be the people referred to in Chinese mythology as the Xia.
- It is believed that the Xia may have created a primitive writing system, though no evidence of this has been found.
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Bornu Empire
- This proliferation of mais resulted in numerous claimants to the throne and a series of destructive wars.
- During the first three-quarters of the 15th century, for example, fifteen mais occupied the throne.
- Around 1460, Mai Ali Dunamami defeated his rivals and began the consolidation of Bornu.
- Sayfawa mais remained titular monarchs until 1846.
- In that year, the last mai, in league with Ouaddai tribesmen, precipitated a civil war.
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Ancient Egyptian Culture
- The body may be adorned with a cloak, which makes the body appear to be a block shape.
- The feet may be covered by the cloak, or left uncovered.
- They may have been intended as guardians, and were often fully inscribed.
- However, some Middle Kingdom literature may have been transcriptions of the oral literature and poetry of the Old Kingdom.
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The Imperfect Historical Record
- In some cases, a secondary source may also be a primary source, depending on how it is used.
- In some cases, the only eyewitness reports of an event may be memoirs, autobiographies, or oral interviews taken years later.
- Primary sources may remain in private hands or are located in archives, libraries, museums, historical societies, and special collections.
- For political reasons, many sensitive records may be destroyed, withdrawn from collections, or hidden, which may also encourage researchers to rely on oral histories.
- It is suspected, based on the physical features of the couple, that they are Samnites, which may explain the desire to show off the status they have reached in Roman society.
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Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization
- The population of the Indus Valley Civilization may have once been as large as five million.
- These massive walls likely protected the Harappans from floods and may have dissuaded military conflicts.
- There is no conclusive evidence of palaces or temples (or even of kings, armies, or priests), and the largest structures may be granaries.
- The city of Mohenjo-daro contains the "Great Bath," which may have been a large, public bathing and social area.
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Splitting History
- Ideally, a historian will use as many available primary sources as can be accessed, but in practice, sources may have been destroyed or may not be available for research.
- In some cases, the only eyewitness reports of an event may be memoirs, autobiographies, or oral interviews taken years later.
- This is also why researchers try to find as many records of an event under investigation as possible, and it is not unusual that they find evidence that may present contradictory accounts of the same events.
- Other periods are named after influential individuals whose impact may or may not have reached beyond certain geographic regions (the Victorian Era, the Edwardian Era, the Napoleonic Era).
- Cultural terms may also have a limited, even if larger, reach.
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Restoration of the Stuarts
- On May 7, a Committee of Safety was formed on the authority of the Rump Parliament, displacing the Protector's Council of State, and was in turn replaced by a new Council of State on May 19.
- On May 8, it proclaimed that King Charles II had been the lawful monarch since the execution of Charles I on January 30, 1649.
- Charles entered London on May 29, his birthday.
- To celebrate his Majesty's Return to his Parliament, May 29 was made a public holiday, popularly known as Oak Apple Day.
- The Cavalier Parliament convened for the first time in May 1661 and it would endure for over 17 years.
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Dunkirk and Vichy France
- By May 1940 the force consisted of ten divisions in three corps under the command of General John Vereker, 6th Viscount Gort.
- On 10 May, Germany attacked Belgium and the Netherlands.
- On 19 May, Gort met with French General Gaston Billotte, commander of the French First Army and overall coordinator of the Allied forces.
- By 24 May, the Germans had captured the port of Boulogne and surrounded Calais.
- At 15:30 on 26 May, Hitler ordered the panzer groups to continue their advance, but most units took another 16 hours to attack.
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Hatshepsut
- She also sent raiding expeditions to Byblos and Sinai, and may have led military campaigns against Nubia and Canaan.
- Karnak's Red Chapel was intended as a shrine to her life, and may have stood with these obelisks.
- Hatshepsut died in 1458 BCE in middle age; no cause of death is known, although she may have had diabetes and bone cancer, likely from a carcinogenic skin lotion.
- Amenhotep II, the son of Thutmose III, may have been responsible.
- The Tyldesley hypothesis states that Thutmose III may have decided to attempt to scale back Hatshepsut's role to that of regent rather than king.
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The Evolution of Humans
- These humans may have been bipedal, meaning they walked upright on two legs.
- Coordinating fine hand movements needed for tool use may have led to increasing brain capacity.
- This was followed by Homo erectus and Homo ergaster, who had double the brain size and may have been the first to control fire and use more complex tools.
- These changes may be related to pair bonding for long-term raising of offspring.