Examples of Persian Wars in the following topics:
-
- The Persian Wars led to the rise of Athens as the head of the Delian League.
- The Persian Wars (499-449 BCE) were fought between the Achaemenid Empire and the Hellenic world during the Greek classical period.
- Nonetheless, the Ionian Revolt remains
significant as the first major conflict between Greece and the Persian Empire, as well as the first phase of the Persian Wars.
- The Battle of Marathon was a watershed moment in the Persian Wars, in
that it demonstrated to the Greeks that the Persians could be defeated.
- The Spartans, although they had taken part in the war, withdrew into isolation afterwards.
-
- Despite their victories in the Persian Wars, the Greek
city-states emerged from the conflict more divided than united.
- The
cities of Ionia were also liberated from Persian control.
- Following the two Persian invasions of Greece, and during
the Greek counterattacks that commenced after the Battles of Plataea and
Mycale, Athens enrolled all island and some mainland city-states into an
alliance, called the Delian League, the purpose of which was to pursue conflict
with the Persian Empire, prepare for future invasions, and organize a means of
dividing the spoils of war.
- Once Sparta
withdrew from the Delian League after the Persian Wars, it reformed the
Peloponnesian League, which had originally been formed in the 6th
century and provided the blueprint for what was now the Delian League.
- Understand the effect the Persian Wars had on the balance of power throughout the classical world
-
- Given its military preeminence, Sparta was recognized as the overall leader of the combined Greek forces during the Greco-Persian Wars.
- Between 431 and 404 BCE, Sparta was the principal enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious, though at great cost.
- The Spartans were already considered a land-fighting force to
be reckoned with when, in 480 BCE, a small force of Spartans, Thespians, and
Thebans made a legendary final stand at the Battle of Thermopylae against the
massive Persian army during the Greco-Persian Wars.
- This decisive victory put an end to the
Greco-Persian War, as well as Persian ambitions of spreading into Europe.
- As a result of the Peloponnesian War, Sparta
developed formidable naval power, enabling it to subdue many key Greek states
and even overpower the elite Athenian navy.
-
- The Persians and the Greeks had been warring for hundreds of years before Alexander the Great moved to conquer Persia.
- The Greco-Persian Wars (also often called the Persian Wars) were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire of Persia and city-states of the Hellenic world that started in 499 BCE and lasted until 449 BCE.
- Alexander then chased the ruling Persian king, Darius III, into Media and then Parthia.
- The Persian king was taken prisoner by Bessus, his Bactrian satrap and kinsman.
- Alexander fights the Persians at the Battle of Issus, as depicted on his sarcophagus
-
- The
Greco-Persian Wars, also referred to as the Persian Wars, were a series of
conflicts that began in 499 BCE and lasted until 449 BCE, between the Achaemenid Empire of Persia (modern-day Iran) and Greek
city-states.
- After struggling to control the cities of Ionia, the Persians appointed tyrants
to rule each of them.
- When the tyrant of Miletus embarked on an unsuccessful expedition
to conquer the island of Naxos with Persian support, however, a rebellion was
incited throughout Hellenic Asia Minor against the Persians.
- The Delian
League continued the campaign against the Persians for the next three decades.
- The city's administrative geography was reworked, the goal being to have mixed political groups—not federated by local interests linked to the sea, the city, or farming—whose decisions (declaration of war, etc.) would depend on their geographical situations.
-
- Temporary success in the West was achieved at the cost of Persian dominance in the East, where the Byzantines were forced to pay tribute to avert war.
- At the same time, wars with the Persian Empire brought no conclusive victory.
- Persecutions and alienation of the Jews, a frontline people in the war against the Persians helped drove them into aiding the Persian conquerors.
- In 628 CE the war ended with Heraclius' defeat of the Persians.
- With the successful conclusion to the Persian war, Heraclius could devote more time to promoting his compromise.
-
- In 499 BCE, Athens sent troops to aid the Ionian Greeks of Asia Minor, who were rebelling against the Persian Empire during the Ionian Revolt.
- This provoked two Persian invasions of Greece, both of which were repelled under the leadership of the soldier-statesmen Miltiades and Themistocles, during the Persian Wars.
- In the decades that followed, the Athenians, with the help of the Spartans and other allied Greek city-states, managed to rout the Persians.
- Originally intended as an association of Greek city-states to continue the fight against the Persians, the Delian League soon turned into a vehicle for Athens's own imperial ambitions and empire-building.
- The resulting tensions brought about the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE), in which Athens was defeated by its rival, Sparta.
-
- In the aftermath of the
Peloponnesian War, Sparta rose as a hegemonic power in classical Greece.
- These years of
war ultimately left Greece war-weary and depleted, and during Epaminondas’s
fourth invasion of the Peloponnesus in 362 BCE, Epaminondas was killed at the
Battle of Mantinea.
- For example, Philip established a Royal Secretary and Archive, as
well as the institution of Royal Pages, which would mount the king on his horse
in a manner very similar to the way in which Persian kings were mounted.
- Another stated aim of the league was to invade the
Persian Empire.
- Ironically, in 336 BCE, Philip was assassinated during the
earliest stages of the Persian venture, during the marriage of his daughter
Cleopatra to Alexander I of Epirus.
-
- First occupied by the Assyrians, then the Persians, and later the Macedonians and Romans, Egyptians would never again reach the glorious heights of self-rule they achieved during previous periods.
- In 609 BCE, the Egyptians attempted to save the Assyrians, who were losing their war with the Babylonians, Chaldeans, Medians, and Scythians.
- In 525 BCE, the Persians, led by Cambyses II, invaded Egypt, capturing the Pharaoh Psamtik III.
- Egypt was joined with Cyprus and Phoenicia in the sixth satrapy of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, also called the Twenty-seventh Dynasty.
- Persian rule was restored briefly in 343 BCE, known as the Thirty-first Dynasty, but in 332 BCE, Egypt was handed over peacefully to the Macedonian ruler, Alexander the Great.
-
- He overthrew the Persian King Darius III, and conquered the entirety of the Persian Empire.
- In the years following his death, a series of civil wars tore his empire apart, resulting in several states ruled by the Diadochi, Alexander's surviving generals and heirs.
- Alexander used its speed and maneuverability to great effect against larger, but more disparate, Persian forces.
- By contrast, the Persian infantry was stationed behind its cavalry.
- Macedonian losses were negligible compared to those of the Persians.