Concept
Version 10
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Mali
![Timbuktu manuscripts, c. 14th century](../../../../../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/25126/full/640px-timbuktu-manuscripts-astronomy-mathematics.jpg)
Timbuktu manuscripts, c. 14th century
Timbuktu became a permanent settlement early in the 12th century. After a shift in trading routes, Timbuktu flourished from the trade in salt, gold, ivory, and slaves. It became part of the Mali Empire early in the 14th century. In its Golden Age, the town's numerous Islamic scholars and extensive trading network made possible an important book trade. Together with the campuses of the Sankore Madrasah, an Islamic university, this established Timbuktu as a scholarly center in Africa.
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