National Center for Advancing and Translational Sciences Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center, a program of the National Center for Advancing and Translational Sciences

Multiple pterygium syndrome lethal type



Other Names:
Pterygium syndrome multiple lethal type; Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome; LMPS
Categories:

Multiple pterygium syndrome lethal type is a very rare genetic condition affecting the skin, muscles and skeleton. It is characterized by minor facial abnormalities, prenatal growth deficiency, spine defects, joint contractures, and webbing (pterygia) of the neck, elbows, back of the knees, armpits, and fingers.[1]  Fetuses with this condition are usually not born. Some of the prenatal complications include cystic hygroma, hydrops, diaphragmatic hernia, polyhydramnios, underdevelopment of the heart and lungs, microcephaly, bone fusions, joint dislocations, spinal fusion, and bone fractures. Both X-linked and autosomal recessive inheritance have been proposed.[1][2] Mutations in the CHRNG, CHRNA1, and CHRND genes have been found to cause this condition.[2]
Last updated: 7/21/2011

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

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Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Abnormal cervical curvature
Abnormal neck curve
0005905
Abnormal facial shape
Unusual facial appearance
0001999
Akinesia 0002304
Amyoplasia
Absent muscles since birth
0003634
Autosomal recessive inheritance 0000007
Cleft palate
Cleft roof of mouth
0000175
Cystic hygroma 0000476
Depressed nasal ridge
Flat nose
Recessed nasal ridge
[ more ]
0000457
Edema
Fluid retention
Water retention
[ more ]
0000969
Epicanthus
Eye folds
Prominent eye folds
[ more ]
0000286
Fetal akinesia sequence 0001989
Flexion contracture
Flexed joint that cannot be straightened
0001371
Hypertelorism
Wide-set eyes
Widely spaced eyes
[ more ]
0000316
Hypoplastic heart
Small heart
Underdeveloped heart
[ more ]
0001961
Increased susceptibility to fractures
Abnormal susceptibility to fractures
Bone fragility
Frequent broken bones
Increased bone fragility
Increased tendency to fractures
[ more ]
0002659
Intrauterine growth retardation
Prenatal growth deficiency
Prenatal growth retardation
[ more ]
0001511
Joint dislocation
Joint dislocations
Recurrent joint dislocations
[ more ]
0001373
Low-set ears
Low set ears
Lowset ears
[ more ]
0000369
Malignant hyperthermia 0002047
Micrognathia
Little lower jaw
Small jaw
Small lower jaw
[ more ]
0000347
Multiple pterygia 0001040
Polyhydramnios
High levels of amniotic fluid
0001561
Pulmonary hypoplasia
Small lung
Underdeveloped lung
[ more ]
0002089
Short finger
Stubby finger
0009381
Thin ribs
Slender ribs
0000883
Vertebral fusion
Spinal fusion
0002948
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Last updated: 7/1/2020

Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.

Testing Resources

  • The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the genetic tests for this condition. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.

If you need medical advice, you can look for doctors or other healthcare professionals who have experience with this disease. You may find these specialists through advocacy organizations, clinical trials, or articles published in medical journals. You may also want to contact a university or tertiary medical center in your area, because these centers tend to see more complex cases and have the latest technology and treatments.

If you can’t find a specialist in your local area, try contacting national or international specialists. They may be able to refer you to someone they know through conferences or research efforts. Some specialists may be willing to consult with you or your local doctors over the phone or by email if you can't travel to them for care.

You can find more tips in our guide, How to Find a Disease Specialist. We also encourage you to explore the rest of this page to find resources that can help you find specialists.

Healthcare Resources


Related diseases are conditions that have similar signs and symptoms. A health care provider may consider these conditions in the table below when making a diagnosis. Please note that the table may not include all the possible conditions related to this disease.

Conditions with similar signs and symptoms from Orphanet
Differential diagnoses include other disorders which present with prenatal ultrasound features of reduced or absent fetal movements in association with an abnormal fetal posture and other arthrogrypotic conditions. These may include fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS), Bartsocas-Papas syndrome, Escobar variant multiple pterygium syndrome, arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, and maternal myasthenia gravis, as well as trisomy 18, severe neural tube defects, caudal regression sequence and vertebral anomalies, limb body wall complex, fetal neck masses, fetal hypoxia, constriction rings syndrome and fetal constraint.
Visit the Orphanet disease page for more information.

Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

Organizations Supporting this Disease


These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

Where to Start

  • Genetics Home Reference (GHR) contains information on Multiple pterygium syndrome lethal type. This website is maintained by the National Library of Medicine.

In-Depth Information

  • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
  • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
  • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
  • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Multiple pterygium syndrome lethal type. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

Questions sent to GARD may be posted here if the information could be helpful to others. We remove all identifying information when posting a question to protect your privacy. If you do not want your question posted, please let us know.


  1. Multiple pterygium syndrome, lethal type. Orphanet. 2006; http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Search.php?lng=EN&data_id=10308&Disease_Disease_Search_diseaseGroup=Multiple-pterygium-syndrome&Disease_Disease_Search_diseaseType=Pat&Disease(s)/group%20of%20diseases=Lethal-multiple-pterygium-syndrome&tit. Accessed 7/21/2011.
  2. Multiple pterygium syndrome, lethal type. Online Mendelian Inheritance of Man (OMIM). April 2008; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/253290. Accessed 7/21/2011.