National Center for Advancing and Translational Sciences Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center, a program of the National Center for Advancing and Translational Sciences

Niemann-Pick disease type C1



Other Names:
Niemann-Pick disease, type C; NPC1; Niemann-Pick disease with cholesterol esterification block; Niemann-Pick disease, type C; NPC1; Niemann-Pick disease with cholesterol esterification block; Niemann-Pick disease, subacute juvenile form; Niemann-Pick disease, chronic neuronopathic form; Neurovisceral storage disease with vertical supranuclear ophthalmoplegia See More
Categories:
This disease is grouped under:

The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.
orphanet

Orpha Number: 646

Definition
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a lysosomal lipid storage disease (see this term) characterized by variable clinical signs, depending on the age of onset, such as prolonged unexplained neonatal jaundice or cholestasis, isolated unexplained splenomegaly, and progressive, often severe neurological symptoms such as cognitive decline, cerebellar ataxia, vertical supranuclear gaze palsy (VSPG), dysarthria, dysphagia, dystonia, seizures, gelastic cataplexy, and psychiatric disorders.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.
Last updated: 9/1/2015

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

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Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Ataxia 0001251
Cognitive impairment
Abnormality of cognition
Cognitive abnormality
Cognitive defects
Cognitive deficits
Intellectual impairment
Mental impairment
[ more ]
0100543
Developmental regression
Loss of developmental milestones
Mental deterioration in childhood
[ more ]
0002376
Dystonia 0001332
Gait disturbance
Abnormal gait
Abnormal walk
Impaired gait
[ more ]
0001288
Global developmental delay 0001263
Hepatomegaly
Enlarged liver
0002240
Jaundice
Yellow skin
Yellowing of the skin
[ more ]
0000952
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the abdominal wall musculature
Absent/small abdominal wall muscles
Absent/underdeveloped abdominal wall muscles
[ more ]
0010318
Dysarthria
Difficulty articulating speech
0001260
Dysphagia
Poor swallowing
Swallowing difficulties
Swallowing difficulty
[ more ]
0002015
Dysphonia
Inability to produce voice sounds
0001618
Sleep disturbance
Difficulty sleeping
Trouble sleeping
[ more ]
0002360
Splenomegaly
Increased spleen size
0001744
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Abnormal pyramidal sign 0007256
Ascites
Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
0001541
Chorea 0002072
Seizure 0001250
Tremor 0001337
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Abnormal circulating cholesterol concentration
Abnormality of cholesterol metabolism
0003107
Autosomal recessive inheritance 0000007
Bone-marrow foam cells 0004333
Cataplexy 0002524
Dementia
Dementia, progressive
Progressive dementia
[ more ]
0000726
Fatal liver failure in infancy 0006583
Fetal ascites 0001791
Foam cells in visceral organs and CNS 0003640
Generalized hypotonia
Decreased muscle tone
Low muscle tone
[ more ]
0001290
Intellectual disability
Mental deficiency
Mental retardation
Mental retardation, nonspecific
Mental-retardation
[ more ]
0001249
Loss of speech 0002371
Low cholesterol esterification rate 0003349
Muscular hypotonia
Low or weak muscle tone
0001252
Neurofibrillary tangles 0002185
Neuronal loss in central nervous system
Loss of brain cells
0002529
Onset
Age symptoms begin
0003674
Prolonged neonatal jaundice
Prolonged yellowing of skin in newborn
0006579
Psychosis 0000709
Sea-blue histiocytosis 0001982
Spasticity
Involuntary muscle stiffness, contraction, or spasm
0001257
Vertical supranuclear gaze palsy 0000511
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Last updated: 7/1/2020

Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.

Testing Resources

  • The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the genetic tests for this condition. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.

If you need medical advice, you can look for doctors or other healthcare professionals who have experience with this disease. You may find these specialists through advocacy organizations, clinical trials, or articles published in medical journals. You may also want to contact a university or tertiary medical center in your area, because these centers tend to see more complex cases and have the latest technology and treatments.

If you can’t find a specialist in your local area, try contacting national or international specialists. They may be able to refer you to someone they know through conferences or research efforts. Some specialists may be willing to consult with you or your local doctors over the phone or by email if you can't travel to them for care.

You can find more tips in our guide, How to Find a Disease Specialist. We also encourage you to explore the rest of this page to find resources that can help you find specialists.

Healthcare Resources


Research helps us better understand diseases and can lead to advances in diagnosis and treatment. This section provides resources to help you learn about medical research and ways to get involved.

Clinical Research Resources

  • ClinicalTrials.gov lists trials that are related to Niemann-Pick disease type C1. Click on the link to go to ClinicalTrials.gov to read descriptions of these studies.

    Please note: Studies listed on the ClinicalTrials.gov website are listed for informational purposes only; being listed does not reflect an endorsement by GARD or the NIH. We strongly recommend that you talk with a trusted healthcare provider before choosing to participate in any clinical study.

Patient Registry

  • A registry supports research by collecting of information about patients that share something in common, such as being diagnosed with Niemann-Pick disease type C1. The type of data collected can vary from registry to registry and is based on the goals and purpose of that registry. Some registries collect contact information while others collect more detailed medical information. Learn more about registries.

    Registries for Niemann-Pick disease type C1:
    Natural History Study - Niemann-Pick Disease, type C
    International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (INPDR)
     
  • The Lysosomal Disease Network is a team of doctors, nurses, research coordinators, and research labs throughout the U.S., working together to improve the lives of people with this condition through research. The Lysosomal Disease Network has a registry for patients who wish to be contacted about clinical research opportunities.
  • The Sterol and Isoprenoid Diseases Consortium (STAIR) is a team of doctors, nurses, research coordinators, and research labs throughout the U.S., working together to improve the lives of people with this condition through research. The Steroid and Isoprenoid Research Consortium (STAIR) has a registry for patients who wish to be contacted about clinical research opportunities.

    For more information on the registry see: https://www.rarediseasesnetwork.org/cms/stair/Get-Involved/ContactRegistry

Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

Organizations Supporting this Disease


Living with a genetic or rare disease can impact the daily lives of patients and families. These resources can help families navigate various aspects of living with a rare disease.

Financial Resources


These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

Where to Start

In-Depth Information

  • GeneReviews provides current, expert-authored, peer-reviewed, full-text articles describing the application of genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients with specific inherited conditions.
  • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
  • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
  • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
  • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Niemann-Pick disease type C1. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

Questions sent to GARD may be posted here if the information could be helpful to others. We remove all identifying information when posting a question to protect your privacy. If you do not want your question posted, please let us know.