National Center for Advancing and Translational Sciences Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center, a program of the National Center for Advancing and Translational Sciences

Sheldon-Hall syndrome



Other Names:
DA2B; Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita distal type 2B; Freeman Sheldon syndrome, variant; DA2B; Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita distal type 2B; Freeman Sheldon syndrome, variant; Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita distal type II with craniofacial abnormalities; Distal arthrogryposis type IIB; Freeman-Sheldon syndrome variant; Freeman Sheldon variant; Distal arthrogryposis type 2B See More
Categories:
This disease is grouped under:

Sheldon-Hall syndrome, also known as distal arthrogryposis type 2B, is characterized by joint deformities (contractures) that restrict movement in the hands and feet. People with this condition may also have distinctive facial features, extra folds of skin on the neck, and short stature. Intelligence and life expectancy are not usually affected. Sheldon-Hall syndrome can be caused by mutations in the MYH3, TNNI2, TNNT3, or TPM2 gene. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. In about 50% of cases, an affected person inherits the mutation from an affected parent. Other cases result from a new mutation in the gene and occur in people with no family history of the disorder.[1] While there is no specific treatment for this condition, occupational and physical therapy, serial casting, and/or surgery may benefit those who are affected.[2]   
Last updated: 1/20/2016

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

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Medical Terms Other Names
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HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Adducted thumb
Inward turned thumb
0001181
Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the radius 0006501
Bilateral single transverse palmar creases 0007598
Joint stiffness
Stiff joint
Stiff joints
[ more ]
0001387
Scoliosis 0002650
Webbed neck
Neck webbing
0000465
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Abnormality of the hip bone
Abnormality of the hips
0003272
High palate
Elevated palate
Increased palatal height
[ more ]
0000218
Micrognathia
Little lower jaw
Small jaw
Small lower jaw
[ more ]
0000347
Narrow face
Decreased breadth of face
Decreased width of face
[ more ]
0000275
Overlapping fingers 0010557
Protruding ear
Prominent ear
Prominent ears
[ more ]
0000411
Round ear 0100830
Short neck
Decreased length of neck
0000470
Short stature
Decreased body height
Small stature
[ more ]
0004322
Tarsal synostosis
Fused ankle bones
0008368
Ulnar deviation of finger
Finger bends toward pinky
0009465
Ulnar deviation of the wrist 0003049
Vertebral segmentation defect 0003422
Wide nasal bridge
Broad nasal bridge
Broad nasal root
Broadened nasal bridge
Increased breadth of bridge of nose
Increased breadth of nasal bridge
Increased width of bridge of nose
Increased width of nasal bridge
Nasal bridge broad
Wide bridge of nose
Widened nasal bridge
[ more ]
0000431
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Abnormality of the ear 0000598
Absent phalangeal crease 0006109
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita 0002804
Autosomal dominant inheritance 0000006
Calcaneovalgus deformity 0001848
Camptodactyly of finger
Permanent flexion of the finger
0100490
Distal arthrogryposis 0005684
Downslanted palpebral fissures
Downward slanting of the opening between the eyelids
0000494
Long philtrum 0000343
Mandibular prognathia
Big lower jaw
Increased projection of lower jaw
Increased size of lower jaw
Large lower jaw
Prominent chin
Prominent lower jaw
[ more ]
0000303
Metatarsus adductus
Front half of foot turns inward
0001840
Narrow mouth
Small mouth
0000160
Prominent nasolabial fold
Deep laugh lines
Deep smile lines
Prominent laugh lines
Prominent smile lines
[ more ]
0005272
Rocker bottom foot
Rocker bottom feet
Rocker-bottom feet
Rockerbottom feet
[ more ]
0001838
Talipes equinovarus
Club feet
Club foot
Clubfeet
Clubfoot
[ more ]
0001762
Triangular face
Face with broad temples and narrow chin
Triangular facial shape
[ more ]
0000325
Ulnar deviation of the hand or of fingers of the hand 0001193
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Last updated: 7/1/2020

Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.

Testing Resources

  • The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the genetic tests for this condition. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.

If you need medical advice, you can look for doctors or other healthcare professionals who have experience with this disease. You may find these specialists through advocacy organizations, clinical trials, or articles published in medical journals. You may also want to contact a university or tertiary medical center in your area, because these centers tend to see more complex cases and have the latest technology and treatments.

If you can’t find a specialist in your local area, try contacting national or international specialists. They may be able to refer you to someone they know through conferences or research efforts. Some specialists may be willing to consult with you or your local doctors over the phone or by email if you can't travel to them for care.

You can find more tips in our guide, How to Find a Disease Specialist. We also encourage you to explore the rest of this page to find resources that can help you find specialists.

Healthcare Resources


Related diseases are conditions that have similar signs and symptoms. A health care provider may consider these conditions in the table below when making a diagnosis. Please note that the table may not include all the possible conditions related to this disease.

Conditions with similar signs and symptoms from Orphanet
Mutation analysis is useful to distinguish SHS from arthrogryposis syndromes with similar features (e.g. distal arthrogryposis 1 and Freeman-Sheldon syndrome; see these terms).
Visit the Orphanet disease page for more information.

Research helps us better understand diseases and can lead to advances in diagnosis and treatment. This section provides resources to help you learn about medical research and ways to get involved.

Clinical Research Resources

  • ClinicalTrials.gov lists trials that are related to Sheldon-Hall syndrome. Click on the link to go to ClinicalTrials.gov to read descriptions of these studies.

    Please note: Studies listed on the ClinicalTrials.gov website are listed for informational purposes only; being listed does not reflect an endorsement by GARD or the NIH. We strongly recommend that you talk with a trusted healthcare provider before choosing to participate in any clinical study.

Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

Organizations Supporting this Disease


These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

Where to Start

  • Genetics Home Reference (GHR) contains information on Sheldon-Hall syndrome. This website is maintained by the National Library of Medicine.
  • The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) has a report for patients and families about this condition. NORD is a patient advocacy organization for individuals with rare diseases and the organizations that serve them.

In-Depth Information

  • Medscape Reference provides information on this topic. You may need to register to view the medical textbook, but registration is free.
  • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
  • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
  • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
  • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Sheldon-Hall syndrome. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

Questions sent to GARD may be posted here if the information could be helpful to others. We remove all identifying information when posting a question to protect your privacy. If you do not want your question posted, please let us know.


  1. Sheldon-Hall syndrome. Genetics Home Reference (GHR). June 2015; http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/sheldon-hall-syndrome.
  2. Bamshad M, Toydemir R. Sheldon-Hall syndrome. Orphanet. March 2009; http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Lng=EN&Expert=1147.