Circulatory system
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1. The blood
The circulatory system transports blood throughout the body. Blood takes oxygen from the respiratory system and the nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, it collects wastes and transports them to the kidneys in order to expel them through the urine. Likewise, it collects carbon dioxide and transports it to the lungs to expel it through respiration.
The body of a man has about five liters of blood. It is composed of:
- Red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen. In a drop of blood, there are between 5 and 6 million of red blood cells.
- White blood cells are larger than red blood cells. There are about seven thousands of them in a drop. They defend the body against infections: they envelop microbes and devour them.
- Platelets are very small cells. There are about three hundred thousands of them in each drop. Its mission is to plug the wounds of the veins and arteries.
- Plasma is a colorless liquid consisting of water and dissolved salts. It is responsible for leaving the wastes in the kidneys. |
2. Indicate the element of blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets or plasma
They transport the oxygen |
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They leave the wastes in the kidneys |
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They plug the wounds |
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It consists in water and salts |
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They defend us against infections |
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They are the most numerous |
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They devour microbes |
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3. The circulatory system
It is responsible for distributing blood throughout the body in order to feed it and collect wastes. The parts of this system are: the
heart, the arteries, the veins and the capillaries.
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4. The heart
It is the main organ of the circulatory system.
It has the size of a fist and has four chambers: two
atria at the top and two ventricles at the bottom.
Each atrium connects with the ventricle of its same side through a heart
valve.
In the picture, we see a cut heart. The left and right side are opposite as we see them.
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5. Arteries, veins and capillaries
Arteries are blood vessels or ducts that transport blood from heart to all organs of the body.
Veins transport blood from the body to the heart.
The capillaries are very fine vessels that directly irrigate the body organs and connect arteries and veins.
In the picture, they are arteries the 3 (from heart to the body) and the 8 (from heart to the lungs) they are veins the 10 (from lungs to heart) and the 5 (from heart to the body) the 4 is capillary.
6. Answers with one of the following words: arteries, veins or capillaries.
They connect veins and arteries |
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They go from heart to the organism |
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They go from the organism to the heart |
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They irrigate body organs |
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7. Circulation
(Look at the pictures and notice that the left and right side refer to the person of the heart. we see it upside down)
We can distinguish between the "small circulation" among the heart and lungs and the other "big circulation" among the heart and other organs.
Let’s see the travel of the blood:
- Oxygenated blood comes from the lungs and through the pulmonary vein; it reaches to the left atrium.
- It goes from the left atrium to the left ventricle and it sends blood to intestine, kidney and capillaries through the aorta.
- In capillaries, the blood loses oxygen and fills with carbon dioxide (CO2).
- Through the venae cavae, it comes back to the right atrium. Then, it goes from the right ventricle to the lungs through the pulmonary artery.
- In the lungs, it takes oxygen from the air and leaves the carbon dioxide.
- This oxygenated blood returns to the start of the travel. |
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8. Answer if these sentences are true or false:
Blood with CO2 comes from lungs |
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It goes from the pulmonary vein to the left atrium |
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It goes from the left atrium to the right ventricle |
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It goes from the left ventricle to the Aorta artery |
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It goes from the Aorta to the capillaries |
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The blood takes oxygen in the capillaries |
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Blood takes CO2 in the capillaries |
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Blood with CO2 goes to the venae Cavae |
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It goes from the venae Cavae to the left atrium |
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It goes from the right atrium to the right ventricle |
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It goes from the right ventricle to the lungs |
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It takes CO2 In the lungs |
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9. Movements of the heart
The heart muscles constantly make two movements: diastole and systole.
In diastole, the heart widen and therefore the blood enters in the atria through the veins (cavae and pulmonary) and the blood goes to each ventricle of the same side.
In systole, a contraction occurs and the blood of ventricles leaves through the two arteries (Aorta and pulmonary)
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10. Señala si este movimiento es diástole o sístole:
El corazón se agranda |
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El corazón se encoge |
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Entra sangre por las venas |
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Sale sangre por las arterias |
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11.
Higiene del aparato circulatorio
Generalmente las
enfermedades del aparato circulatorio suelen ser graves, por lo que conviene
procurar:
- Hacer ejercicio físico al aire
libre, para oxigenar bien nuestra sangre.
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Tomar una alimentación variada (carnes, pescados,
verduras y frutas).
- No comer demasiado.
- Que la comida no tenga demasiadas
grasas.
- No llevar prendas de vestir
demasiado ajustadas.
- Debemos desinfectar las heridas
que se produzcan.
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12. Señala si estos consejos son correctos o incorrectos:
Hacer poco ejercicio |
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Comer sólo de algunas cosas |
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Evitar las grasas |
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Usar vestidos anchos |
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Comer mucho |
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Desinfectar las heridas |
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| Educational applications |
Natural sciences |
In Spanish | Interactive |
®Arturo Ramo García.-Record of intellectual property of Teruel (Spain)
No 141, of 29-IX-1999
Plaza Playa de Aro, 3, 1º DO 44002-TERUEL