Methanosarcinaceae

Methanosarcinaceae
Methanosarcina barkeri fusaro
Scientific classification
Domain:
Archaea
Kingdom:
Euryarchaeota
Phylum:
Euryarchaeota
Class:
Methanomicrobia
Order:
Methanosarcinales
Family:
Methanosarcinaceae
Binomial name
Methanosarcinaceae
Balch and Wolfe 1981
Genera

In taxonomy, the Methanosarcinaceae are a family of the Methanosarcinales.[1]

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[2] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[3] and the phylogeny is based on 16S rRNA-based LTP release 106 by 'The All-Species Living Tree' Project.[4]

 
 

?Halomethanococcus doii ♦ Yu and Kawamura 1988

 
 

?Methanohalobium evestigatum Zhilina and Zavarzin 1988

 
 

Methanosalsum zhilinae (Mathrani et al. 1988) Boone and Baker 2002

 
 
Methanomethylovorans
 

?M. victoriae ♠ Muyodi et al. 2000

 
 

M. hollandica Lomans et al. 2004 (type sp.)

 
 

M. thermophila Jiang et al. 2005

 
 
 
 
 

Methanimicrococcus blatticola Sprenger et al. 2000

 
Methanosarcina
 

?M. horonobensis Shimizu et al. 2011

 
 

?M. methanica (Smit 1930) Kluyver and van Niel 1936 (nom. rejic.)

 
 

?M. siciliae (Stetter and König 1989) Ni et al. 1994 emend. Elberson and Sowers 1997

 
 

?M. vacuolata Zhilina and Zavarzin 1987

 
 
 

M. semesiae Lyimo et al. 2000

 
 

M. baltica von Klein et al. 2002 emend. Singh et al. 2005

 
 
 
 

M. lacustris Simankova et al. 2002

 
 
 

M. mazei (Barker 1936) Mah and Kuhn 1984

 
 
 

M. acetivorans Sowers et al. 1986

 
 
 

M. barkeri Schnellen 1947 emend. Maestrojuán et al. 1992 (type sp.)

 
 

M. thermophila Zinder et al. 1985

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Methanococcoides
 

?M. methylutens Sowers and Ferry 1985 (type sp.)

 
 

M. alaskense Singh et al. 2005

 
 

M. burtonii Franzmann et al. 1993

 
 
Methanohalophilus
 

?M. euhalobius ♠ (Obraztsova et al. 1987) Davidova et al. 1997

 
 

?M. halophilus (Zhilina 1984) Wilharm et al. 1991

 
 

M. mahii Paterek and Smith 1988 (type sp.)

 
 

M. portucalensis Boone et al. 1993

 
 
 
Methanolobus
 

?M. bombayensis Kadam et al. 1994

 
 

?M. psychrophilus ♠ Zhang et al. 2008

 
 

?M. tindarius König and Stetter 1983 (type sp.)

 
 

M. zinderi Doerfert et al. 2009

 
 
 

M. oregonensis (Liu et al. 1990) Boone 2002

 
 
 

M. taylorii Oremland and Boone 1994

 
 
 

M. profundi Mochimaru et al. 2009

 
 

M. vulcani Stetter et al. 1989 emend. Kadam and Boone 1995

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Notes:
♠ Strains found at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) but not listed in the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)
♦ Type strain lost or not available

Biochemistry

A notable trait of Methanosarcinaceae is that they are methanogens that incorporate the unusual amino acid pyrrolysine into their enzymes.[5] The enzyme monomethylamine methyltransferase catalyzes the reaction of monomethylamine to methane. This enzyme includes pyrrolysine. The unusual amino acid is inserted using a unique tRNA, the anticodon of which is UAG. In most organisms, and in most Methanosarcinaceae proteins, UAG is a stop codon. However in this enzyme, and anywhere else pyrrolysine is incorporated, likely through contextual markers on the mRNA, the pyrrolysine-loaded tRNA is inserted instead of the release factor. They also have a unique aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase to specifically load this tRNA with pyrrolysine. This unique adaptation is still the subject of significant study.

References

  1. ↑ See the NCBI webpage on Methanosarcinaceae. Data extracted from the "NCBI taxonomy resources". National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 2007-03-19.
  2. ↑ J.P. Euzéby. "Methanomicrobia". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Archived from the original on 2013-01-27. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
  3. ↑ Sayers; et al. "Methanomicrobia". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2011-06-05.
  4. ↑ 'The All-Species Living Tree' Project."16S rRNA-based LTP release 106 (full tree)" (PDF). Silva Comprehensive Ribosomal RNA Database. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
  5. ↑ Lehninger A, Nelson D, Cox M. Lehninger principles of biochemistry. 6th ed. New York: W.H. Freeman; 2013 p. 1124-1126.

Further reading

Scientific journals

Scientific books

  • Boone DR; Whitman WB; Koga Y (2001). "Order III. Methanosarcinales ord. nov.". In DR Boone; RW Castenholz (eds.). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. pp. 169. ISBN 978-0-387-98771-2.
  • Grant WD; Kamekura M; McGenity TJ; Ventosa A (2001). "Class III. Halobacteria class. nov.". In DR Boone; RW Castenholz (eds.). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. pp. 169. ISBN 978-0-387-98771-2.

Scientific databases

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