Magnetobacterium bavaricum

Mycobacterium orygis
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Nitrospirota
Class: Nitrospira
Order: Nitrospirales
Family: Nitrospiraceae
Genus: Magnetobacterium
Species:
M. bavaricum
Binomial name
Magnetobacterium bavaricum

Magnetobacterium bavaricum is a species of bacterium.

Morphology and physiology

Magnetobacterium bavaricum is a large rod shaped gram negative microorganism that ranges from 8um-10um in length and 1.5um-2um in width.[1][2][3][4] These microorganisms are motile by a single polar flagella and orient themselves by use of magnetotaxis.[3] M. bavaricum were found to contain upwards of 1,000 magnetosomes per cell[4][2] which is far more than required for cell orientation along the earth's magnetic field and the execution of magnetotactic behaviors.[2] These hook-shaped magnetite crystals arrange themselves in three to six bundles of multiple chains along the organism and create magnetic moments for the cell[3][4] that allow polar magnetotaxis while the cell propels itself forward via the singular flagella.[3] These organisms are observed containing a range from zero-twenty intracellular globules containing elemental sulfur believed to aid in a sulfur oxidizing metabolism for energy production by providing an energy reservoir.[2][1][4][5]

Habitat

This species has been found within sediments of freshwater lakes in Upper Bavaria, Germany and is difficult to culture due to being a gradient organism occupying microaerobic zoned environments also known as the OAI zone.[2][3] Although this species has been identified within a small layer of sediment, it appears to account for approximately 30% of the biovolume in Lake Chiemsee surface sediments indicating it may be a dominant fraction of the microbial community found within this layer of sediment.[2][3]

References

  1. 1 2 "Identification of novel species of marine magnetotactic bacteria affiliated with Nitrospirae phylum". Environmental Microbiology Reports. 11 (4): 615–615. 2019-07-02. doi:10.1111/1758-2229.12777. ISSN 1758-2229.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Spring, Stefan; Amann, Rudolf; Ludwig, Wolfgang; Schleifer, Karl-Heinz; van Gemerden, Hans; Petersen, Nikolai (1993). "Dominating Role of an Unusual Magnetotactic Bacterium in the Microaerobic Zone of a Freshwater Sediment". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 59 (8): 2397–2403. doi:10.1128/aem.59.8.2397-2403.1993. ISSN 0099-2240.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lefèvre, Christopher T.; Bazylinski, Dennis A. (2013-09-01). "Ecology, Diversity, and Evolution of Magnetotactic Bacteria". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 77 (3): 497–526. doi:10.1128/MMBR.00021-13. PMC 3811606. PMID 24006473.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Eder, Stephan H. K.; Gigler, Alexander M.; Hanzlik, Marianne; Winklhofer, Michael (2014-09-18). Al-Ahmad, Ali (ed.). "Sub-Micrometer-Scale Mapping of Magnetite Crystals and Sulfur Globules in Magnetotactic Bacteria Using Confocal Raman Micro-Spectrometry". PLoS ONE. 9 (9): e107356. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107356. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4169400. PMID 25233081.
  5. ↑ Jogler, C.; Niebler, M.; Lin, W.; Kube, M.; Wanner, G.; Kolinko, S.; Stief, P.; Beck, A. J.; Beer, D. de; Petersen, N.; Pan, Y. (2010). "Cultivation-independent characterization of 'Candidatus Magnetobacterium bavaricum' via ultrastructural, geochemical, ecological and metagenomic methods". Environmental Microbiology. 12 (9): 2466–2478. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02220.x. ISSN 1462-2920.
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