Oxalobacter formigenes

Oxalobacter formigenes
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Order:	Burkholderiales
Family:	Oxalobacteraceae
Genus:	Oxalobacter
Species:	O. formigenes
Binomial name
	Oxalobacter formigenes;

Oxalobacter formigenes is an oxalate-degrading anaerobic bacterium that colonizes the large intestines of numerous vertebrates, including humans. O. formigenes and humans share a beneficial symbiosis.

The broad-spectrum quinolone antibiotics kill O. formigenes. If a person's gastrointestinal (GI) tract lacks this bacterium, and therefore lacks the primary source for the oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase enzyme, then the GI tract cannot degrade dietary oxalates which on digestion get absorbed easily and after some vitamin B₆-modulated partial metabolical degradation in the body, is excreted in the kidney, where it precipitates with calcium to form calcium oxalate kidney stones.^[1] ^[2] ^[3] Oxalobacter formigenes can protect against kidney stones by degrading oxalate.^[3]

The role and presence of O. formigenes in the human gut is an area of active research.

References

↑ (interim reference, describes two other studies)
↑ Pearle MS, Goldfarb DS, Assimos DG, et al. (2014). "Medical management of kidney stones: AUA guideline". J. Urol. 192 (2): 316–324. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2014.05.006. PMID 24857648.
1 2 Siener R, Rangen U, Sidhu H, et al. (2013). "The role of Oxalobacter formigenes colonization in calcium oxalate stone disease". Kidney Int. 83 (June): 1144–9. doi:10.1038/ki.2013.104. PMID 23536130.

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[1] (interim reference, describes two other studies)

[AUA_Guidelines_2014-2] Pearle MS, Goldfarb DS, Assimos DG, et al. (2014). "Medical management of kidney stones: AUA guideline". J. Urol. 192 (2): 316–324. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2014.05.006. PMID 24857648.

[pmid23536130-3] 1 2 Siener R, Rangen U, Sidhu H, et al. (2013). "The role of Oxalobacter formigenes colonization in calcium oxalate stone disease". Kidney Int. 83 (June): 1144–9. doi:10.1038/ki.2013.104. PMID 23536130.

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