Pulmonic stenosis
| Pulmonic stenosis | |
|---|---|
| Other names: Pulmonary stenosis | |
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| a)Pulmonary valve blue arrow and supravalvular pulmonic stenosis yellow arrowhead b)contrast solution across the stenotic lesion yellow arrowhead c) full inflation of balloon | |
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| Specialty | Cardiology |
Pulmonic stenosis, is a dynamic or fixed obstruction of flow from the right ventricle of the heart to the pulmonary artery. It is usually first diagnosed in childhood.
Signs and symptoms
Individuals with pulmonic stenosis are usually asymptomatic, though the possibility of any symptoms would be :[1]
- Dyspnea on exertion
- Fatigue
Cause
Pulmonic stenosis is usually due to isolated valvular obstruction (pulmonary valve stenosis), but it may be due to subvalvular or supravalvular obstruction, such as infundibular stenosis. It may occur in association with other congenital heart defects as part of more complicated syndromes (for example, tetralogy of Fallot).
Pathophysiology
When pulmonic stenosis (PS) is present, resistance to blood flow causes right ventricular hypertrophy. If right ventricular failure develops, right atrial pressure will increase, and this may result in a persistent opening of the foramen ovale, shunting of unoxygenated blood from the right atrium into the left atrium, and systemic cyanosis. If pulmonary stenosis is severe, congestive heart failure occurs, and systemic venous engorgement will be noted. An associated defect such as a patent ductus arteriosus partially compensates for the obstruction by shunting blood from the left ventricle to the aorta then back to the pulmonary artery (as a result of the higher pressure in the left ventricle) and back into the lungs.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of this condition can be done via the following:[1]
Treatment
The treatment of choice is percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty and is done when a resting peak gradient is seen to be >60mm Hg or a mean >40mm Hg is observed.
References
- 1 2 Heaton, Joseph; Kyriakopoulos, Chris (2021). "Pulmonic Stenosis". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. Archived from the original on 2022-01-11. Retrieved 2022-01-02.
- Ren (Jul. 15, 2009). Pulmonic Stenosis Archived 2016-03-14 at the Wayback Machine. eMedicine Specialties > Cardiology > Valvular Heart Disease.
- Hockenberry, M. J., & Wilson, D. (2009). Wong's essentials of pediatric nursing. (8 ed., Vol. 1, p. 872). St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby.