Renal hypoplasia
| renal hypoplasia | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Hypoplastic kidneys |
| Specialty | Nephrology |
| Diagnostic method | Ultrasound |
| Differential diagnosis | Renal dysplasia, oligomeganephronia[1] |
| Frequency | 1 in 400 births[2] |
Renal hypoplasia is an abnormality that a person is born with in which one or both of the kidneys are smaller than normal (hypoplastic)[3] but with normal structure.[2]
It is defined as abnormally small kidneys, where the size is less than two standard deviations below the expected mean for the corresponding demographics, and the morphology is normal.[2][4] Disease severity depends on whether hypoplasia is unilateral of bilateral, and the degree of reduction in the number of nephrons.[4]
Presentation
Hypoplastic kidneys are prone to infection and kidney stone formation,[3] have a reduced nephron number,[2]( normal corticomedullary differentiation[4][5])
Complications
Renal hypoplasia is a common cause of kidney failure in children and also of adult-onset disease.[2]
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is typically through ultrasonography.[4]
Prevalence
Epidemiologic studies point to an estimated incidence of 1 in 400 births.[2]
References
- ↑ Copelovitch, Lawrence; Kaplan, Bernard S. (2012). "Developmental Abnormalities of the Kidneys". Avery's Diseases of the Newborn. pp. 1182–1190. doi:10.1016/B978-1-4377-0134-0.10083-6. ISBN 978-1-4377-0134-0.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cain, Jason E; Di Giovanni, Valeria; Smeeton, Joanna; Rosenblum, Norman D (August 2010). "Genetics of Renal Hypoplasia: Insights Into the Mechanisms Controlling Nephron Endowment". Pediatric Research. 68 (2): 91–98. doi:10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181e35a88. PMID 20421843.
- 1 2 Lote, Christopher J. (2012). Principles of Renal Physiology, 5th edition. Springer. p. 22.
- 1 2 3 4 "S. Kohl, M. Liebau - Renal hypoplasia". www.orpha.net.
- ↑ Schreuder, Michiel F. (2015). "Renal hypoplasia". In Woolf, Adrian (ed.). Oxford Textbook of Clinical Nephrology. doi:10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0348.