Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata

Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata
Low levels of plasmalogens is a characteristic of rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata.
SymptomsAlopecia, flat face[1]
CausesPEX7 gene, GNPAT gene and AGPS gene mutations[2]
Diagnostic methodClinical and radiologic finding[3]
TreatmentPhysical therapy[4]

Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata is a rare developmental brain disorder characterized by systemic shortening of the proximal bones (i.e. rhizomelia), seizures, recurrent respiratory tract infections and congenital cataracts. The affected individuals have low levels of plasmalogens.[2]

Signs and symptoms

Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata has the following symptoms:[4][1]

Genetics

This condition is a consequence of mutations in the PEX7 gene, the GNPAT gene (which is located on chromosome 1) or the AGPS gene. The condition is acquired in an autosomal recessive manner.[2]

Pathophysiology

ACAA1

The mechanism of rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata in the case of type 1 of this condition one finds that peroxisome objective is PEX7, in peroxisome assembly. There are 3 pathways that count on PEX7 and are:[4][5]

  • AGPS (catalyzes plasmalogen biosynthesis)
  • PhYH (catalyzes catabolism of phytanic acid)
  • ACAA1 (catalyzes beta-oxidation of VLCFA - straight)

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata can be based on genetic testing[6] as well as radiography results, plus a physical examination of the individual.[3]

Types

  • Type 1 (RCDP1) is associated with PEX7 mutations; these are peroxisome biogenesis disorders where proper assembly of peroxisomes is impaired.[4]
  • Type 2 (RCDP2) is associated with DHAPAT mutations [7]
  • Type 3 (RCDP3) is associated with AGPS mutations [8]

Treatment

Management of rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata can include physical therapy; additionally orthopedic procedures improved function sometimes in affected people.[4] However, the prognosis is poor in this condition.[3]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata type 1 | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 24 January 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
  2. 1 2 3 Reference, Genetics Home. "rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata". Genetics Home Reference. Archived from the original on 2016-12-24. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
  3. 1 2 3 RESERVED, INSERM US14 -- ALL RIGHTS. "Orphanet: Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata". www.orpha.net. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Braverman, Nancy E.; Moser, Ann B.; Steinberg, Steven J. (1 January 1993). "Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata Type 1". GeneReviews. PMID 20301447. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2017.update 2012
  5. ↑ Brodsky, Michael C. (2016-06-28). Pediatric Neuro-Ophthalmology. Springer. p. 620. ISBN 9781493933846. Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2021-04-05.
  6. ↑ "Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata type 1 - Conditions - GTR - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 8 February 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
  7. ↑ "OMIM Entry - # 222765 - RHIZOMELIC CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA, TYPE 2; RCDP2". omim.org. Archived from the original on 15 February 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
  8. ↑ "OMIM Entry - # 600121 - RHIZOMELIC CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA, TYPE 3; RCDP3". omim.org. Archived from the original on 2020-02-15. Retrieved 2017-01-16.

Further reading

  • Benacerraf, Beryl (2007). Ultrasound of fetal syndromes (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone / Elsevier. ISBN 978-0443066412. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
  • al.], [edited by] Kenneth F. Swaiman ... [et; Ashwal, Stephen; Ferriero, Donna M.; Schor, Nina F. (2012). Swaiman's pediatric neurology principles and practice (5th ed.). [Edinburgh]: Elsevier Saunders. ISBN 978-0323089111. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
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