Trachonychia

Trachonychia
Other names: Sandpaper nails, twenty-nail dystrophy[1]
SpecialtyDermatology
SymptomsRough feeling nails with longitudinal ridges[2]

Trachyonychia, also known as sandpaper nails, are characterized by rough feeling finger or toenails with longitudinal ridges.[2] Less frequently, it may be shiny with pits.[1] When the condition occurs on all the twenty nails of the fingers and toes, it is known as twenty-nail dystrophy, most evident in childhood.[3][4]

Signs and symptoms

Trachyonychia causes the nails to become opalescent, thin, dull, fragile, and finely longitudinally ridged, and, as a result, distally notched.[5]

  • Trachyonychia
    Trachyonychia
  • Trachyonychia
    Trachyonychia
  • Trachyonychia
    Trachyonychia
  • Trachyonychia
    Trachyonychia

Causes

It can be a manifestation of lichen planus, psoriasis, alopecia areata, immunoglobulin A deficiency, atopic dermatitis, and ichthyosis vulgaris.[6]

"The longitudinal striations can occur as a normal part of the aging process",[4] and not until the nails start to thin and get a sandpaper look is the condition called trachonychia. The nails are opalescent and frequently are brittle and split at the free margin. There has been evidence of the condition as a cutaneous manifestation of lichen planus. It has also been associated with other diseases such as eczema, psoriasis, alopecia areata, and atopic dermatitis.[4] Trachonychia is often seen in vitiligo patients – suggesting that they are more susceptible to this condition.[4]

References

  1. 1 2 Haber, Jessica S.; Chairatchaneeboon, Manasmon; Rubin, Adam I. (January 2017). "Trachyonychia: Review and Update on Clinical Aspects, Histology, and Therapy". Skin Appendage Disorders. 2 (3–4): 109–115. doi:10.1159/000449063. ISSN 2296-9195. PMID 28232917. Archived from the original on 2020-11-12. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
  2. 1 2 Johnstone, Ronald B. (2017). "2. Diagnostic clues and "need-to-know" items". Weedon's Skin Pathology Essentials (2nd ed.). Elsevier. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-7020-6830-0. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
  3. ↑ "Twenty-nail dystrophy | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 2016-12-31. Retrieved 2018-04-17.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Fawcett, Ronald S.; Hart, Thomas M.; Linford, Sean;Stulberg, Daniel L. (2004)."Nail Abnormalities: Clues to Systemic Disease". Archived 2020-02-27 at the Wayback Machine pdf Archived 2020-02-27 at the Wayback Machine American Family Physician 69(6): 1417-1424
  5. ↑ James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac (2020). "33. Diseases of the skin appendages". Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (13th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. p. 782. ISBN 978-0-323-54753-6. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
  6. ↑ Scheinfeld NS (April 2003). "Trachyonychia: a case report and review of manifestations, associations, and treatments". Cutis. 71 (4): 299–302. PMID 12729094.
Classification
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