Vulcanisaeta

Vulcanisaeta
Scientific classification
Domain:
Archaea
Kingdom:
Crenarchaeota
Phylum:
Crenarchaeota
Class:
Thermoprotei
Order:
Thermoproteales
Family:
Thermoproteaceae
Genus:
Vulcanisaeta

Itoh, Suzuki & Nakase 2002
Type species
Vulcanisaeta distributa
Itoh, Suzuki & Nakase 2002
Species

In taxonomy, Vulcanisaeta is a genus of the Thermoproteaceae.

Description and significance

Vulcanisaeta is an anaerobic, heterotrophic, hyperthermophilic archaeon that grows optimally at 85–90 °C and at pH 4.0–4.5. The organism is isolated from samples collected directly from solfataric fields or piped hot spring water in eastern Japan.

Genome structure

Several Vulcanisaeta genomes have been sequenced, see List of sequenced archaeal genomes. The G + C content of its DNA, which is between 44 and 46%, is predicted to be relatively lower than other members of the Thermoproteaceae genera.

Cell structure and metabolism

The cells of Vulcanisaeta are straight to slightly curved rods, which range from 0.4 to 0.6 µm in width. In some cases, the cells are branched or bear spherical bodies at the terminals. The archaeon utilizes maltose, starch, malate, yeast extract, peptone, beef extract, casamino acids and gelatin as carbon sources, cannot utilize D-arabinose, D-fructose, lactose, sucrose, D-xylose, acetate, butyrate, formate, fumarate, propionate, pyruvate, succinate, methanol, formamide, methylamine or trimethylamine. As electron acceptors, the organism uses sulfur and thiosulfate. Unlike some other genetically similar archaea such as Thermocladium or Caldivirga, Vulcanisaeta grows in the absence of vitamin mixture or archaeal cell-extract solution in the medium.

Ecology

Strains of Vulcanisaeta were found in hot spring areas in Japan. Despite the organisms being the most common rod-shaped crenarchaeote among isolates from hot springs in Japan, it has not isolated from other countries. This contrasts with the genera Thermoproteus and Pyrobaculum, which are distributed worldwide, including the Azores, Iceland, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, the Philippines, Russia, and the United States. Therefore, it is possible that the genus Vulcanisaeta has a restricted distribution that includes Japan.[1]

Phylogeny

Cladogram was taken from Annotree v1.2.0.[2][3] which uses the GTDB 05-RS95 (Genome Taxonomy Database).[4][5]

Vulcanisaeta
 

V. thermophila Yim et al. 2015

 
 
 

V. souniana Itoh, Suzuki & Nakase 2002

 
 
 

V. distributa Itoh, Suzuki & Nakase 2002

 
 

"V. moutnovskia" Gumerov et al. 2011

 
 
 
 

References

  1. ↑ See the NCBI webpage on Vulcanisaeta. Data extracted from the "NCBI taxonomy resources". National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 2007-03-19.
  2. ↑ "AnnoTree v1.2.0". AnnoTree.
  3. ↑ Mendler, K; Chen, H; Parks, DH; Hug, LA; Doxey, AC (2019). "AnnoTree: visualization and exploration of a functionally annotated microbial tree of life". Nucleic Acids Research. 47 (9): 4442–4448. doi:10.1093/nar/gkz246. PMC 6511854. PMID 31081040.
  4. ↑ "GTDB release 05-RS95". Genome Taxonomy Database.
  5. ↑ Parks, DH; Chuvochina, M; Chaumeil, PA; Rinke, C; Mussig, AJ; Hugenholtz, P (September 2020). "A complete domain-to-species taxonomy for Bacteria and Archaea". Nature Biotechnology. 38 (9): 1079–1086. bioRxiv 10.1101/771964. doi:10.1038/s41587-020-0501-8. PMID 32341564. S2CID 216560589.

Further reading

Scientific journals

Scientific books

Scientific databases


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