Dodecane

Dodecane
Skeletal formula of dodecane
Skeletal formula of dodecane with all implicit carbons shown, and all explicit hydrogens added
Ball and stick model of dodecane
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Dodecane[1]
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
Beilstein Reference
 1697175
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.607
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EC Number
  • 203-967-9
Gmelin Reference
 201408
KEGG
MeSH n-dodecane
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • JR2125000
UNII
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C12H26/c1-3-5-7-9-11-12-10-8-6-4-2/h3-12H2,1-2H3 checkY
    Key: SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
SMILES
  • CCCCCCCCCCCC
Properties
Chemical formula
 C12H26
Molar mass 170.340 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor Gasoline-like to odorless
Density 0.7495 g mL−1 at 20 °C[2]
Melting point −10.0 to −9.3 °C; 14.1 to 15.2 °F; 263.2 to 263.8 K
Boiling point 214 to 218 °C; 417 to 424 °F; 487 to 491 K
log P 6.821
Vapor pressure 18 Pa (at 25 °C)[3]
Henry's law
constant (kH)
 1.4 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
Refractive index (nD)
 1.421
Viscosity 1.34 mPa s
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)
 376.00 J K−1 mol−1
Std molar
entropy (So298)
 490.66 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)
 −353.5–−350.7 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298)
 −7901.74 kJ mol−1
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word
 Danger
Hazard statements
 H304
Precautionary statements
 P301+P310, P331
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
1
2
0
Flash point 71 °C (160 °F; 344 K)
Autoignition
temperature
 205 °C (401 °F; 478 K)
Explosive limits 0.6%
Safety data sheet (SDS) hazard.com
Related compounds
Related alkanes
  • Undecane
  • Tridecane
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Dodecane (also known as dihexyl, bihexyl, adakane 12, or duodecane) is an oily liquid n-alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C12H26 (which has 355 isomers).

It is used as a solvent, distillation chaser, and scintillator component. It is used as a diluent for tributyl phosphate (TBP) in reprocessing plants.[4]

Combustion reaction

The combustion reaction of dodecane is as follows:

2 C12H26(l) + 37 O2(g) → 24 CO2(g) + 26 H2O(g)
ΔH° = −7513 kJ

One litre of fuel needs about 15 kg of air to burn, and generates 2.3 kg (or 1.2 m3) of CO2 upon complete combustion.

Jet fuel surrogate

In recent years, n-dodecane has garnered attention as a possible surrogate for kerosene-based fuels such as Jet-A, S-8, and other conventional aviation fuels. It is considered a second-generation fuel surrogate designed to emulate the laminar flame speed, largely supplanting n-decane, primarily due to its higher molecular mass and lower hydrogen to carbon ratio which better reflect the n-alkane content of jet fuels.

See also

  • Higher alkanes
  • Kerosene
  • List of isomers of dodecane

References

  1. ↑ "n-dodecane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
  2. ↑ "Dodecane".
  3. ↑ "Dodecane".
  4. ↑ Rydberg, Jan (2004). Solvent Extraction Principles and Practice. Marcel Dekker. p. 524. ISBN 0-8247-5063-2.
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