Axial Biotech

Axial Biotech, Inc.
TypePrivately held
FoundedSLC, Utah, USA 2002 (2002)
Defunct2013 (2013)
Headquarters
Salt Lake City 
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Websitewww.axialbiotech.com 
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Axial Biotech, Inc. was a privately held molecular diagnostics company based in Salt Lake City, Utah.[1] It was founded in 2002.

The company's mission was to deliver diagnostics that improve and personalize the treatment of spine disorders. Axial Biotech conducted genetic research on scoliosis and degenerative disc disease.

In September 2009, Axial Biotech announced the commercial launch of the ScoliScore AIS Prognostic Test with the claim of it being a DNA-based diagnostic test for scoliosis. In 2012 Transgenomic acquired the rights to the ScoliScore test.[2]

AIS genetic testing

AIS genetic testing is the process of analyzing the DNA of a patient who has been diagnosed with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis to determine his or her likelihood of progression to a severe spinal curve.

Approximately 4% of AIS patients will progress to the point where surgery is done. The majority of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis are observed at regular intervals (usually between 4–6 months) with a physical exam and x-ray to evaluate the magnitude of the curve.[3]

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis is a polygenic trait, meaning it is affected by the characteristics of more than a single gene. The heritability of scoliosis has long been suspected, and many research projects have been conducted in search of the genes responsible for the disease.[4]

Axial Biotech performed a genome-wide association study, testing millions of genetic markers to find any associated with scoliosis. The study of DNA heritability was enhanced through the use of rich genealogical data available in Utah. Utah contains the headquarters of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, which emphasizes the knowledge of ancestry and genealogy.[5] Over the course of the research, DNA samples from over 9500 patients from 100 clinical sites worldwide were analyzed.[6]

Researchers at Axial Biotech identified 53 genetic markers (28 which, when positive, contribute to the progression of the scoliosis curve and 25 which, when positive, protect against the progression of the curve.)[7] The ScoliScore test was developed around these 53 markers.

ScoliScore

ScoliScore AIS Prognostic Test is a genetic test which analyzes the DNA of patients who are diagnosed with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis, the most common type of scoliosis. The test shows the likelihood of spinal curve progression. In other words, it helps doctors and patients to see how likely it is that a patient's spine will become more curved and whether it is likely that the patient will eventually need surgery or other interventions.

Approximately 85-90% of patients initially diagnosed with AIS will never have their mild scoliotic curve progress to a magnitude that requires surgical treatment. The test results may be used to predict, with over 99% probability, when a mild scoliotic curve is unlikely to progress to the point of requiring surgical treatment. This knowledge can make it unnecessary for these patients to undergo numerous office visits and be exposed to radiographic imaging over many years to monitor potential curve progression. The ScoliScore test is a powerful tool, which helps physicians predict spinal curvature through one test, accomplishing what was previously only possible through years of observation.

The test is distributed by DePuy Spine, a Johnson & Johnson company.[8] It was made available in a few physicians offices in September, 2009, and will be commercially launched in 2010.

In 2012 Transgenomic acquired the rights to the ScoliScore test.[2]

References

  1. ↑ "Axial raises $15.3 million in second financing round". Deseret News. 2007-03-28. Archived from the original on 2009-10-15. Retrieved 2009-10-15.
  2. 1 2 "Transgenomic Acquires ScoliScore Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Prognostic Test from Axial Biotech". Businessweek. Bloomberg. 28 August 2012. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
  3. ↑ Kuivala, Thomas, M.D. "What You Need to Know About Scoliosis." 1/17/08 Spine Universe. 2009 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-01-16. Retrieved 2012-05-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ↑ Ward K, Ogilvie J, Argyle V, Nelson L, Meade M, and Braun J. "Polygenic Inheritance of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Study of Extended Families in Utah" 2008
  5. ↑ Ward, K. "Demystifying the Genetic Test for Scoliosis" Roundtables in Spine Surgery, Volume 2, Number 3, 2008
  6. ↑ "Axial Biotech Announces Commercial Availability of SCOLISCORE AIS Prognostic Test" Press Release. Sept 24, 2009
  7. ↑ M. Stenning, I. Nelson (2011). "Recent advances in the treatment of scoliosis in children". British Editorial Society of Bone and Joint Surgery. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  8. ↑ "Genetic markers for scoliosis are ID'd". Deseret News. 2008-09-14. Archived from the original on 2009-10-15. Retrieved 2009-10-15.
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