International Office of Public Hygiene

Office International d'Hygiène Publique
1907–1946
Emblem used by the OIHP, depicting Hygieia of OIHP
Emblem used by the OIHP, depicting Hygieia
StatusFormer international organization
Administrative center195 boulevard Saint-Germain, Paris
48°51′17″N 2°19′31″E / 48.8548078°N 2.3252548°E / 48.8548078; 2.3252548
Official languagesFrench
Recognized languagesFrench
History 
• Arrangement of Rome
9 December 1907
• Dissolution
22 July 1946
Succeeded by
World Health Organization

The International Office of Public Hygiene (OIPH), also known by its French name as the Office International d'Hygiène Publique (OIHP), was an international organization founded 9 December 1907 and based in Paris, France.[1] It merged into the World Health Organization after World War II.[2][3]

History

It was created to oversee international rules regarding the quarantining of ships and ports to prevent the spread of plague and cholera, and to administer other public health conventions,[4] leading to engage on other epidemics, and the collection of broader epidemiological data on various diseases, as well as issues such as the control of medicinal opium, cannabis, and other drugs,[5] the traumas created by World War I, etc.[4]

The OIHP was part of the complex structure known as the Health Organization (Organisation d'Hygiène) of the League of Nations,[6] in an often-competing, and sometimes collaborative relation with the League of Nations' Health Committee.[7]

The OIHP was dissolved by protocols signed 22 July 1946[8] and its epidemiological service was incorporated into the Interim Commission of the World Health Organization on 1 January 1947. However, the OIHP remained in existence legally until 1952.

Organisational chart of international organizations as of 1930[9]

Organisation

The OIHP was managed by a "Permanent Committee" chaired successively by Rocco Santoliquido (1908-1919), Oscar Velghe (1919-1932), George S. Buchanan (1932-1936).[10][11][12] Important personalities were taking part in the work of the OIHP such as Camille Barrère.

As of 1933, the OIHP was composed of the following contracting parties:[10]

  •  Argentina, 1910
  •  Australia, 1909
  • Belgian Congo, 1927
  •  Belgium, 1907
  •  Bolivia, 1912
  •  Brazil, 1907
  •  UK British dominions, 1927
  •  UK British India, 1908
  •  Bulgaria, 1909
  •  Canada, 1910
  •  Chile, 1912
  •  Denmark, 1913
  •  Netherlands (Dutch Indies), 1925
  •  Egypt, 1907
  •  France, 1907
  • French Algeria, 1910
  • French Equatorial Africa, 1929
  • French Indochina, 1914
  • French West Africa, 1920
  •  Germany, 1928
  •  UK (Great Britain), 1907
  •  Greece, 1913
  • Kingdom of Hejaz, 1932
  •  Ireland (Irish Free State), 1928
  •  Italy, 1907
  •  Japan, 1924
  •  Luxembourg, 1926
  •  Madagascar, 1920
  •  Morocco, 1920
  •  Mexico, 1909
  •  Monaco, 1913
  •  Netherlands, 1907
  •  Norway, 1912
  •  New Zealand, 1924
  •  Peru, 1908
  •  Persia, 1909
  •  Poland, 1920
  •  Portugal, 1907
  •  Romania, 1921
  •  Sudan, 1926
  •  Sweden, 1909
  •   Switzerland
  •  Czechoslovakia, 1922
  • Union of South Africa, 1919
  •  Spain, 1907
  • French protectorate of Tunisia, 1908
  •  Turkey, 1911
  •  USA, 1907
  •  Soviet Union, 1926 (initially accessed as  Russian Empire in 1907)
  •  Uruguay, 1913

See also

References

  1. ↑ Markel, H. (2014). "Worldly approaches to global health: 1851 to the present". Public Health. 128 (2): 124–128. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2013.08.004. PMID 24412079.
  2. ↑ Beigbeder, Yves (2015-12-14), "Chapitre I. Les origines historiques de l'OMS", L’Organisation mondiale de la santé, International, Genève: Graduate Institute Publications, pp. 1–7, ISBN 978-2-940549-29-0, retrieved 2022-09-06
  3. ↑ Johnson, Steven (2021). Extra Life (1st ed.). Riverhead Books. pp. 57–58. ISBN 978-0-525-53885-1.
  4. 1 2 Iriye, Akira (2002). Global Community: The Role of International Organizations in the Making of the Contemporary World. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0520231279.
  5. ↑ Riboulet-Zemouli, Kenzi; Ghehiouèche, Farid; Krawitz, Michael A. (2022). "Cannabis amnesia – Indian hemp parley at the Office International d'Hygiène Publique in 1935". authorea.com (Preprint). doi:10.22541/au.165237542.24089054/v1 (inactive 1 August 2023). Retrieved 2022-09-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2023 (link) CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  6. ↑ "The International Health Organization Of The League Of Nations". The British Medical Journal. 1 (3302): 672–675. 1924. ISSN 0007-1447. JSTOR 20436330.
  7. ↑ Howard-Jones, Norman (1979). International public health between the two world wars : the organizational problems. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/39249. ISBN 9241560584.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  8. ↑ "Protocol concerning the Office international d'hygiène publique; New York, 22 July 1946". treaties.un.org. United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 2021-10-17.
  9. ↑ Grandjean, Martin (2017). "Complex structures and international organizations" [Analisi e visualizzazioni delle reti in storia. L'esempio della cooperazione intellettuale della Società delle Nazioni]. Memoria e Ricerca (2): 371–393. doi:10.14647/87204. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
  10. 1 2 Office international d'Hygiène publique (1933). Vingt-cinq ans d'activité de l'Office international d'Hygiène publique (1909-1933) (PDF) (in French). Paris: Office international d'hygiène publique. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-01-26.
  11. ↑ "Sir George Buchanan, C.B". Nature. 133 (3355): 242. 1934-02-01. Bibcode:1934Natur.133Q.242.. doi:10.1038/133242a0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4071333.
  12. ↑ "Sir George Seaton Buchanan | RCP Museum". history.rcplondon.ac.uk. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
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