Jugular foramen syndrome
| Jugular foramen syndrome | |
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| Human brain(normal) inferior view showing cranial nerves | |
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Jugular foramen syndrome, or Vernet's syndrome, is characterized by paresis of the glossopharyngeal, vagal, and accessory (with or without the hypoglossal) nerves.[1][2]
Symptoms and signs
a,b) Clinical images of left uvula and vocal cord in laryngoscopic view.
Symptoms of this syndrome are consequences of this paresis. As such, an affected patient may show:
- Dysphonia/hoarseness
- Soft palate dropping
- Deviation of the uvula towards the normal side
- Dysphagia
- Loss of sensory function from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue (CN IX)
- Decrease in the parotid gland secretion (CN IX)
- Loss of gag reflex
- Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles paresis (CN XI)
Causes
- Glomus tumors (most frequently)
- Meningiomas
- Schwannomas (Acoustic neuroma)
- Metastatic tumors located at the cerebellopontine angle
- Trauma
- Fracture of occipital bone
- Infections
- Cholesteatoma (very rare)
- Obstruction of the jugular foramen due to bone diseases
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma spreading into the parapharyngeal space involving the ninth, tenth, and eleventh cranial nerves
Diagnosis
- Gadolinium enhanced mri for vestibular schwannoma
- mri and biopsy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- based on nerve palsies
- NCCT for occipital bone fracture
Treatment
The management for Jugular foramen syndrome is based on the following:[3]
- Surgery
- Radiotherapy
- Anticoagulants
- Embolization
References
- ↑ Erol FS, Kaplan M, Kavakli A, Ozveren MF.Jugular foramen syndrome caused by choleastatoma. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2005 Jun;107(4):342-6.
- ↑ Quinones-Hinojosa, Alfredo, ed. (2012). Schmidek and Sweet Indications, Methods and Results (Expert Consult - Online and Print) (6th ed.). London: Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 2337. ISBN 9781455723287.
- ↑ M Das, Joe; Al Khalili, Yasir (2022). "Jugular Foramen Syndrome". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. Archived from the original on 9 July 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
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