Leptospira biflexa

Leptospira biflexa
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Spirochaetes
Order: Spirochaetales
Family: Leptospiraceae
Genus: Leptospira
Species:
L. biflexa
Binomial name
Leptospira biflexa
(Wolbach and Binger 1914) Noguchi 1918 (Approved Lists 1980)

Leptospira biflexa is a spirochaete bacterium in the genus Leptospira and was the first saprophytic Leptospira genome to be sequenced.

Morphology and physiology

Leptospira biflexa are a helix shaped bacterium containing periplasmic flagella that allow for high motility and can contribute to virulence in pathogenic species and colonization of diverse environments.[1] Studies have identified 5 bactofilin proteins associated with cytoskeletal properties that are conserved across Leptospiraceae. The LbbD protein family was found to influence the helical pitch distance and the helical structure of L. biflexa;[1] in turn an impact on motility and ability to tolerate cell wall stress was observed.

Importance

Leptospira biflexa are a species of genus Leptospira consisting of pathogenic and free living saprophytic bacterial species. L. biflexa is a free-living saprophytic spirochete that survives exclusively in external environments and was the first saprophytic Leptospira genome to be sequenced unveiling a total of 3,590 protein-coding genes distributed across three circular replicons.[2] Due to the fast growth rate and ease of genetic manipulation the use of this model bacterium species allows insight to gene functions within Leptospira.[3] L. biflexa contains a mechanical barrier of lipopolysaccharides within the outer membrane to defend against hydrophilic agents and toxic compounds.[3] A study conducted found that there are 29 genes associated with the mutagenic EtBr sensitivity within L. biflexa.[3] The sigma-54 was found to control genes involved in nitrogen uptake and metabolism including amtB1, glnB-amtB2, ntrX and narK which contribute to the long-term environmental survival of Leptospira spp.[4]

References

  1. 1 2 Cameron, Caroline E. (2015), Adler, Ben (ed.), "Leptospiral Structure, Physiology, and Metabolism", Leptospira and Leptospirosis, Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 21–41, doi:10.1007/978-3-662-45059-8_3, ISBN 978-3-662-45059-8, retrieved 2021-11-22
  2. ↑ Picardeau, Mathieu; Bulach, Dieter M.; Bouchier, Christiane; Zuerner, Richard L.; Zidane, Nora; Wilson, Peter J.; Creno, Sophie; Kuczek, Elizabeth S.; Bommezzadri, Simona; Davis, John C.; McGrath, Annette (2008-02-13). Davis, Dana (ed.). "Genome Sequence of the Saprophyte Leptospira biflexa Provides Insights into the Evolution of Leptospira and the Pathogenesis of Leptospirosis". PLoS ONE. 3 (2): e1607. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001607. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 2229662. PMID 18270594.
  3. 1 2 3 Pětrošová, Helena; Picardeau, Mathieu (2014-10-01). "Screening of a Leptospira biflexa Mutant Library To Identify Genes Involved in Ethidium Bromide Tolerance". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 80 (19): 6091–6103. doi:10.1128/AEM.01619-14. PMC 4178676. PMID 25063661.
  4. ↑ Zhang, Jun-Jie; Hu, Wei-Lin; Yang, Youyun; Li, Hongxia; Picardeau, Mathieu; Yan, Jie; Yang, X. Frank (July 2018). "The sigma factor σ 54 is required for the long-term survival of Leptospira biflexa in water: L. biflexa σ 54 is essential for environment survival". Molecular Microbiology. 109 (1): 63–77. doi:10.1111/mmi.13967. PMC 6174002. PMID 29633391.
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