List of Welsh medical pioneers

This page lists pioneers and innovators in healthcare either in Wales or by Welsh people, including in medicine, surgery and health policy.

Medical pioneers

Julian Tudor-Hart, general practitioner
Hugh Owen Thomas, orthopaedic surgeon
  • George Owen Rees (1813–1889), the first to analyse the chemistry of urine and also did new work on the nature and shape of the blood corpuscles.[1][2]
  • George Edward Day (1815–1872), reformed to medical examinations[3]
  • William Roberts (1830–1899), introduced the term Antagonism into microbiology and one of the first to describe the action of antibiotics including penicillin[4][5]
  • Frances Hoggan (1843–1927), various research including the anatomy and physiology of lymph nodes[6]
  • Robert Armstrong-Jones (1857–1943), instituted special training for mental health nurses and occupational therapy for patients, and developed modern methods to treat mental diseases[7][8]
  • Llewellyn Jones Llewellyn (1871–1934), an authority on rheumatism and related diseases[9]
  • Thomas Lewis (1881–1945), pioneer cardiologist and clinical scientist[10][11]
  • William Evans (1895–1988), cardiology; description of the anatomy of coarctation of the aorta; controls in drug trials; studies on electrocardiography; first accurate description of ‘familial cardiomegaly’[12]
  • Horace Evans (1903–1963), linked hypertension and nephritis[13]
  • Denis John Williams (1908–1990), did pioneering work on using EEG to study cerebral disease[14]
  • John David Spillane (1909–1985), established the modern study of Tropical Neurology[15]
  • Eluned Woodford-Williams (1913–1984), established geriatrics as a speciality and began practice of admitting all patients over 65 year old to her unit[16]
  • D. Geraint James (1922–2010), classifyied the clinical and radiological features of sarcoidosis[17]
  • Julian Tudor-Hart (1927–2018), Local population health and hypertension among other topics[18]
  • Keith Peters (born 1938), improved understanding of glomerulonephritis[19]
  • Dafydd Stephens (1942–2012), founder of audiological medicine[20]

Surgical pioneers

William Thelwall Thomas, general surgeon
  • Hugh Owen Thomas (1834–1891), pioneered orthopaedic surgery techniques including the Thomas splint and Thomas test[21]
  • Robert Jones (1857–1933), he stablished orthopaedic surgery as a modern speciality. His organisational skills, treatments and rehabilitation of soldiers saved many lives during the first World War. He pioneered the use of radiography and the Jones fracture is named after him[22]
  • William Thelwall Thomas (1865–1927), pioneer of abdominal surgery; introducing the detempered needle, the black silkworm gut, and large-handled Spencer Wells forceps. He also introduced the transvere incision for an umbilical hernia repair; introduced the double incision for double renal calculi at the kidney and ureter; and made a significant investigation into the composition of renal calculi[23]
  • Tudor Thomas (1893–1976), pioneer of corneal grafting[24]

Policy

Aneurin Bevan statue, Cardiff.
  • Frances Hoggan (1843–1927), first Welsh female physician and advocated for gender equality in medicine[6]
  • David Lloyd George (1863–1945), the National Insurance Act 1911.[25]
  • Mary Morris (1873–1925), first woman to train as a doctor at the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, admitted in 1895.[26] Possibly the first woman to train in medicine in Wales.
  • Aneurin Bevan (1897–1960), creation of the National Health Service.[27]
  • Eluned Woodford-Williams (1913–1984), influenced government policy on geriatrics, improving geriatric services[16]
  • Julian Tudor-Hart (1927–2018), social advocate and devised the term Inverse care law[18][28]
  • Timothy Stamps (1936–2017), reformed and improved Zimbabwe's healthcare system.[29]
  • Ilora Finlay (born 1949), regulation of smoking,[30] organ donation,[31] sunbeds[32] alcohol pricing,[33] and improvements in palliative care[34]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "George Owen Rees (1813–1889) | Art UK". artuk.org. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  2. ↑ Webb, William Wilfrid (1896). "Rees, George Owen" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 47. pp. 399–400.
  3. ↑ Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1888). "Day, George Edward" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 14. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 232–233.
  4. ↑ Ainsworth, G. C. (1976-10-21). Introduction to the History of Mycology. Cambridge University Press. p. 220. ISBN 978-0-521-21013-3.
  5. ↑ Collard, Patrick John; Collard, Patrick (1976-11-11). The Development of Microbiology. CUP Archive. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-521-21177-2.
  6. 1 2 "HOGGAN [née Morgan], FRANCES ELIZABETH (1843-1927), physician and social reformer". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  7. ↑ "ARMSTRONG-JONES, Sir ROBERT (1857 - 1943), physician and alienist". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  8. ↑ "Sir Robert Armstrong-Jones | RCP Museum". history.rcplondon.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  9. ↑ "Mr. R. Ll. Jones Llewellyn". Nature. 133 (3368): 750. May 1934. Bibcode:1934Natur.133Q.750.. doi:10.1038/133750a0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4053992.
  10. ↑ Hollman, A. (1997). Sir Thomas Lewis: pioneer cardiologist and clinical scientist. London ; New York: Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-76049-8.
  11. ↑ Drury, A. N.; Grant, R. T. (1945). "Thomas Lewis. 1881-1945". Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society. 5 (14): 179–202. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1945.0012. ISSN 1479-571X. JSTOR 769117. S2CID 72220548.
  12. ↑ "William Evans | RCP Museum". history.rcplondon.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-02-11.
  13. ↑ Ellis, Harold (December 2013). "Horace Evans: royal physician". British Journal of Hospital Medicine. 74 (12): 704. doi:10.12968/hmed.2013.74.12.704. ISSN 1750-8460. PMID 24326725.
  14. ↑ "Denis John Williams | RCP Museum". history.rcplondon.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-02-11.
  15. ↑ "Neurology in the developing world". academic.oup.com. Retrieved 2023-02-11.
  16. 1 2 "Eluned Woodford-Williams | RCP Museum". history.rcplondon.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  17. ↑ "David Geraint James | RCP Museum". history.rcplondon.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  18. 1 2 Watt, Graham (2021-02-27). "Julian Tudor Hart: medical pioneer and social advocate". The Lancet. 397 (10276): 786–787. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00453-0. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 33640055. S2CID 232051104.
  19. ↑ "Professor Sir Keith Peters | Christs College Cambridge". www.christs.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-02-11.
  20. ↑ "Audiological Physician Professor Dafydd Stephens (1942-2012) | UCL UCL Ear Institute & Action on Hearing Loss Libraries". blogs.ucl.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-02-11.
  21. ↑ Cope, R. (1995). "Hugh Owen Thomas: bone-setter and pioneer orthopaedist". Bulletin (Hospital for Joint Diseases (New York, N.Y.)). 54 (1): 54–60. ISSN 0018-5647. PMID 8541785.
  22. ↑ sitecore\jcrew@rcseng.ac.uk. "Orthopaedic surgeon and war hero: Sir Robert Jones (1857-1933)". Royal College of Surgeons. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  23. ↑ "Thomas, William Thelwall (1865 - 1927)". livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-02-11.
  24. ↑ "Thomas, Sir James William Tudor (1893 - 1976)". livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-02-11.
  25. ↑ Morgan, Kenneth O. (1981). Rebirth of a Nation: Wales, 1880-1980. Oxford University Press. p. 130. ISBN 978-0-19-821736-7.
  26. ↑ Owen, Buddug (May 2005). "The First Woman Doctor from Aberystwyth". Journal of Medical Biography. 13 (2): 118. doi:10.1177/096777200501300214. ISSN 0967-7720. PMID 19813317. S2CID 27238871.
  27. ↑ "70 years of the NHS: how Aneurin Bevan created our beloved health service". The Independent. 2018-07-05. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  28. ↑ Hart, Julian Tudor (1971-02-27). "The Inverse Care Law". The Lancet. 297 (7696): 405–412. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(71)92410-X. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 4100731.
  29. ↑ "Timothy Stamps". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 2023-02-11.
  30. ↑ "Baroness' bill to ban smoking". BBC News. 11 December 2003.
  31. ↑ Ilora Finlay, Baroness Finlay of Llandaff, Patron, Age Connects Cardiff and the Vale Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
  32. ↑ Sunbed ban for under-18s approved by peers. BBC Democracy Live (30 March 2010). Retrieved 8 July 2014.
  33. ↑ Finlay, Ilora G.; Severi, Katherine (October 2021). "Commentary on Robinson et al .: England needs minimum pricing to tackle alcohol's hidden harms—Scotland's experience shows minimum unit pricing (MUP) on off‐trade alcohol sales is effective". Addiction. 116 (10): 2708–2709. doi:10.1111/add.15578. ISSN 0965-2140. PMID 34085346. S2CID 235336608.
  34. ↑ "GrassrootDiplomat Who's Who". Grassroot Diplomat. 15 March 2015. Archived from the original on 20 May 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
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