List of acupuncture points

System of main meridians with acupuncture point locations

This article provides a comprehensive list of acupuncture points, locations on the body used in acupuncture, acupressure, and other treatment systems based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).

Locations and basis

More than four hundred acupuncture points have been described, with the majority located on one of the twenty main cutaneous and subcutaneous meridians, pathways which run throughout the body and according to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) transport qi. Twelve of these major meridians, commonly referred to as "the primary meridians", are bilateral and practitioners associate them with internal organs. The remaining eight meridians are designated as "extraordinary", and are also bilateral except for three, one that encircles the body near the waist, and two that run along the midline of the body. Only those two extraordinary meridians that run along the midline contain their own points, the remaining six comprise points from the aforementioned twelve primary meridians. There are also points that are not located on the fourteen major meridians but do lie in the complete nexus referred to as jing luo (經絡). Such outliers are often referred to as "extra points".[1]

There is no anatomical and physiological basis for acupuncture points and meridians.[2] In practice, acupuncture points are located by a combination of anatomical landmarks, palpation, and feedback from the patient.[1]

Twelve Primary Meridians

CodeChinese NamePinyinEnglishKorean 한글Vietnamese
LU手太陰肺經shǒu tàiyīn fèi jīngLung수태음폐경Thủ thái âm phế
LI手陽明大腸經shǒu yángmíng dàcháng jīngLarge Intestine수양명대장경Thủ dương minh đại trường
ST足陽明胃經zú yángmíng wèi jīngStomach족양명위경Túc dương minh vị
SP足太陰脾經zú tàiyīn pí jīngSpleen족태음비경Túc thái âm tỳ
HT手少陰心經shǒu shǎo yīn xīnjīngHeart수소음심경Thủ thiếu âm tâm
SI手太陽小腸經shǒu tàiyáng xiǎocháng jīngSmall Intestine수태양소장경Thủ thái dương tiểu trường
BL足太陽膀胱經zú tàiyáng pángguāng jīngBladder족태양방광경Túc thái dương bàng quang
KI足少陰腎經zú shǎo yīn shèn jīngKidney족소음신경Túc thiếu âm thận
PC手厥陰心包經shǒu juéyīn xīnbāo jīngPericardium수궐음심포경Thủ quyết âm tâm bào
TE手少陽三焦經shǒu shǎo yángsān jiāo jīngTriple Energizer수소양삼초경Thủ thiếu dương tam tiêu
GB足少陽膽經zú shǎo yáng dǎn jīngGallbladder족소양담경Túc thiếu dương đởm
LR足厥陰肝經zú juéyīn gān jīngLiver족궐음간경Túc quyết âm can

Eight Extraordinary Meridians

The eight extraordinary meridians (simplified Chinese: 奇经八脉; traditional Chinese: 奇經八脈; pinyin: qí jīng bā mài) are of pivotal importance in the study of qigong, tai chi, and Chinese alchemy.[3] Though many are listed, only the Governing Vessel and the Conception Vessel meridians have points not associated with the previous 12 meridians.

CodeNameTransliterationEnglishKorean 한글PinyinVietnamese
GV督脉; 督脈DumaiGoverning Vessel독맥dū màiĐốc mạch
CV任脉; 任脈RenmaiConception Vessel임맥rén màiNhâm mạch
TV冲脉; 衝脈ChongmaiThrusting Vessel충맥chòng màiXung mạch
BV带脉; 帶脈DaimaiBelt Vessel대맥dài màiĐới mạch
YinHV陰跷脉; 陰蹺脈YinqiaomaiYin Heel Vessel음교맥yīn qiāo màiÂm kiều
YangHV陽跷脉; 陽蹺脈YangqiaomaiYang Heel Vessel양교맥yáng qiāo màiDương kiều
YinLV陰维脉; 陰維脈YinweimaiYin Link Vessel음유맥yīn wéi màiÂm duy
YangLV陽维脉; 陽維脈YangweimaiYang Link Vessel양유맥yáng wéi màiDương duy

Nomenclature

Some acupuncture points have several traditional names, for example tài yuān (太渊) and gui xin (鬼心) are two names used for the 9th acupuncture point on the lung meridian. The World Health Organization (WHO) published A Proposed Standard International Acupuncture Nomenclature Report in 1991 and 2014, listing 361 classical acupuncture points organized according to the fourteen meridians, eight extra meridians, 48 extra points, and scalp acupuncture points,[4] and published Standard Acupuncture Nomenclature in 1993, focused on the 361 classical acupuncture points.[5] Each acupuncture point is identified by the meridian on which it is located and its number in the point sequence on that channel. For example, Lu-9 identifies the 9th acupuncture point on the lung meridian. The only ambiguity with this unique systemized method is on the urinary bladder meridian, where the outer line of 14 points found on the back near the spine are inserted in one of two ways; following the last point of the inner line along the spine (會陽) and resuming with the point found in the crease of the buttocks (承扶), or following the point in the center of the crease of the knee (委中) and resuming with the point just below that (合陽), found in the bifurcation of the gastrocnemius muscle. Although classification of the extra points often tries to utilize a similar shortcut method, where a numbered sequence along an assigned body part is used, there is no commonly agreed-upon system and therefore universal identification of these points relies on the original naming system of traditional Chinese characters.

The tables in this article follow the WHO numbering scheme to identify the acupuncture points of the main channels. For extra points the tables follow the numbering scheme found in A Manual of Acupuncture.[1]

Lung meridian

Abbreviated as LU, named 手太阴肺经穴; 手太陰肺經 "The Lung channel of Hand, Greater Yin". This refers to the meridian starting in the arm, the lung's association with yin, and that it is considered more easy to find.

PointNameTransliterationEnglishPinyinKorean 한글Vietnamese
LU-1中府ZhongfuMiddle Assemblyzhōng fǔjung bu 중부Trung phủ
LU-2雲門YunmenCloud Gateyún ménun mun 운문Vân môn
LU-3天府TianfuUpper Arm Assemblytiān fǔcheon bu 천부Thiên phủ
LU-4俠白XiabaiSupporting the Lungxiá báihyeop baek 협백Hiệp bạch
LU-5尺澤ChizeCubit Marshchǐ zécheok taek 척택Xích trạch
LU-6孔最KongzuiCollection Holekǒng zuìgong choe 공최Khổng tối
LU-7列缺LiequeInterrupted Sequenceliè quēyeol gyeol 열결Liệt khuyết
LU-8經渠JingquChannel Ditchjīng qúgyeong geo 경거Kinh cừ
LU-9太淵TaiyuanGreat Deep Pooltài yuāntae yeon 태연Thái uyên
LU-10魚際YujiFish Borderyú jìeo je 어제Ngư tế
LU-11少商ShaoshangLesser Metalshào shāngso sang 소상Thiếu thương

Large intestine meridian

Abbreviated as LI or CO (colon), named 手阳明大肠经穴; 手陽明大腸經 "The Large Intestine channel of Hand, Yang Bright".

PointNameTransliterationEnglishPinyinKorean 한글Vietnamese
LI-1商陽ShangyangMetal Yangshāng yángsang yang 상양Thương dương
LI-2二間ErjianSecond Pointèr jiāni gan 이간Nhị gian
LI-3三間SanjianThird Pointsān jiānsam gan 삼간Tam gian
LI-4合谷He GuJunction Valleyhé gǔhap gok 합곡Hiệp cốc
LI-5陽谿YangxiYang Streamyáng xīyang gye 양계Dương khê
LI-6偏歴PianliDiverging Passagepiān lìpyeon ryeok 편력Thiên lịch
LI-7溫溜WenliuWarm Flowwēn liūol lyu 온류Ôn lưu
LI-8下廉XialianLower Point at the Borderxià liánha ryeom 하렴Hạ liêm
LI-9上廉ShanglianUpper Point at the Bordershàng liánsang nyeom 상렴Thượng liêm
LI-10手三里ShousanliArm Three Milesshǒu sān lǐ[su] sam ni [수] 삼리Thủ tam lý
LI-11曲池QuchiPool at the Bendqū chígok ji 곡지Khúc trì
LI-12肘髎ZhouliaoElbow Bone Holezhǒu liáoju ryo 주료Trữu liêu
LI-13手五里ShouwuliArm Five Milesshǒu wǔ lǐ[su] o ri [수] 오리(Thủ) ngũ lý
LI-14臂臑BinaoUpper Armbì nàobi no 비노Tí nhu
LI-15肩髃JianyuShoulder and Claviclejiān yúgyeon u 견우Kiên ngung
LI-16巨骨JuguLarge Bonejù gǔgeo gol 거골Ngự cốt
LI-17天鼎TiandingHead's Tripodtiān dǐngcheon jeong 천정Thiên đỉnh
LI-18扶突FutuBeside the Prominencefú tūbu dol 부돌Phù đột
LI-19口禾髎KouheliaoMouth Grain Holekǒu hé liáohwa ryo 화료Hòa liêu
LI-20迎香YingxiangReceiving Fragranceyíng xiāngyeong hyang 영향Nghênh hương

Stomach meridian

Abbreviated as ST, named 足阳明胃经穴; 足陽明胃經 "The Stomach channel of Foot, Yang Bright".

PointNameTransliterationEnglishPinyinKorean 한글VietnameseAlternative names
ST-1承泣ChengqiTears Containerchéng qìseung eup 승읍Thừa khấp
ST-2四白SibaiFour Directions Brightnesssì báisa baek 사백Tứ bạch
ST-3巨髎JuliaoLarge Bone Holejù liáogeo ryo 거료Cự liêu
ST-4地倉DicangEarth Granarydì cāngji chang 지창Địa thương
ST-5大迎DayingLarge Receptacle (Facial Artery)dà yíngdae yeong 대영Đại nghênh
ST-6頰車JiacheJaw Bonejiá chēhyeop geo 협거Giáp xa
ST-7下關XiaguanBelow the Archxià guānha gwan 하관Hạ quan
ST-8頭維TouweiHead's Cornertóu wéidu yu 두유Đầu duy
ST-9人迎RenyingMan'sPrognosis (Carotid Artery)rén yíngin yeong 인영Nhân nghênhTianwuhui (Heaven's Five Meetings)[1]
ST-10水突ShuituLiquid Passageshǔi tūsu dol 수돌Thủy đột
ST-11氣舍QisheResidence of Breath Qiqì shègi sa 기사Khí xá
ST-12缺盆QuepenEmpty Basinquē péngyeol bun 결분Khuyết bồn
ST-13氣戶QihuDoor of Breathqì hùgi ho 기호Khí hộ
ST-14庫房KufangBreath Storeroomkù fánggo bang 고방Khố phòng
ST-15屋翳WuyiHiding the Breathwū yìok ye 옥예Ốc ế
ST-16膺窗YingchuangBreast Windowyìng chuāngeung chang 응창Ưng song
ST-17乳中RuzhongBreast Centre (Nipple)rǔ zhōngyu jung 유중Nhũ trung
ST-18乳根RugenBreast Rootrǔ gēnyu geun 유근Nhũ căn
ST-19不容BurongNot Containedbù róngbul yong 불용Bất dung"Uncontainable" refers to vomiting [1]
ST-20承滿ChengmanReceiving Fullnesschéng mǎnseng man 승만Thừa mãn
ST-21梁門LiangmenBeam Gateliáng ményang mun 양문Lương môn
ST-22關門GuanmenShutting the Gateguān méngwan mun 관문Quan môn
ST-23太乙TaiyiGreat Unitytài yǐtae eul 태을Thái ất
ST-24滑肉門HuaroumenChime Gatehuá ròu ménhwal yung mun 활육문Hoạt nhục môn
ST-25天樞TianshuHeavenly Pivottiān shūcheon chu 천추Thiên xu
ST-26外陵WailingOuter Moundwài língwoe neung 외릉Ngoại lăng
ST-27大巨DajuGreat Bulgedà jùdae geo 대거Đại cự
ST-28水道ShuidaoWaterwayshuǐ dàosu do 수도Thủy đạoLeft ST 28 = Baomen "Gate of Uterus"; Right ST 28 = Zihu "Child's Door - Sun Si Miao [1]
ST-29歸來 (归来)GuilaiRestoring Positionguī láigui rae 귀래Qui lai
ST-30氣沖QichongQi Surgeqì chōnggi chung 기충Khí xung
ST-31髀關BiguanThigh Gatebì guānbi gwan 비관Bễ quan
ST-32伏兔FutuCrouching Rabbitfú tùbok to 복토Phục thỏ
ST-33陰市YinshiYin Marketyīn shìeum si 음시Âm thị
ST-34梁丘LiangqiuRidge Moundliáng qīuyang gu 양구Lương khâu
ST-35犢鼻DubiCalf's Nosedú bídok bi 독비Độc tị
ST-36足三里ZusanliLeg Three Mileszú sān lǐ[jok] sam ni [족] 삼리Túc tam lý
ST-37上巨虛ShangjuxuUpper Great Voidshàng jù xūsang geo heo 상거허Thượng cự hư
ST-38條口TiaokouRibbon Openingtiáo kǒujo gu 조구Điều khẩu
ST-39下巨虛XiajuxuLower Large Hollowxià jù xūha geo heo 하거허Hạ cự hư
ST-40豐隆FenglongAbundant Bulgefēng lóngpung nyung 풍륭Phong long
ST-41解谿JiexiDividing Cleftjiě xīhae gye 해계Giải khê
ST-42沖陽ChongyangSurging Yangchōng yángchung yang 충양Xung dương
ST-43陷谷XianguSunken Valleyxiàn gǔham gok 함곡Hãm cốc
ST-44内庭NeitingInner Courtnèi tíngnae jeong 내정Nội đình
ST-45厲兌LiduiRunning Pointlì duìye tae 예태Lệ đoài

Spleen meridian

Abbreviated as SP, named 足太阴睥经穴; 足太陰脾經 "The Spleen channel of Foot, Greater Yin".

PointNameTransliterationEnglishPinyinKorean 한글RomajiVietnameseAlternative names
SP-1隱白YinbaiHidden Whiteyǐn báieun baek 은백im pakuẨn bạch'in paku'[6]
SP-2大都DaduGreat Pooldà dūdae do 대도dai toĐại đô
SP-3太白TaibaiGreat Whitetaì báitae baek 태백tai hakuThái bạch
SP-4公孫GongsunGrandfather Grandsongōng sūngong son 공손kō sonCông tôn
SP-5商丘ShangqiuMetal Moundshāng qiūsang gu 상구shō kyūThương khâu
SP-6三陰交SanyinjiaoThree Yin Intersectionsān yīn jiāosam eum gyo 삼음교san in kōTam âm giao
SP-7漏谷LouguLeaking Valleyloù gǔnu gok 루곡rō koku?Lậu cốc
SP-8地機DijiEarth Curedì jīji gi 지기chi kiĐịa cơ
SP-9陰陵泉YinlingquanYin Mound Springyīn líng qúaneum neung cheon 음릉천in ryō senÂm lăng tuyền
SP-10血海XuehaiSea of Bloodxuè hǎihyeol hae 혈해kek kaiHuyết hải
SP-11箕門JimenSeparation Gatejī méngi mun 기문ki monKỳ môn
SP-12衝門ChongmenSurging Gatechōng ménchung mun 충문shō monXung môn
SP-13府舍FusheBpwel Abodefǔ shèbu sa 부사fu shaPhủ xá
SP-14腹結FujieAbdomen Stagnationfù jiébok gyeol 복결fuk ketsuPhúc kết
SP-15大横Da hengGreat Horizontaldà héngdae hoeng 대횡dai ōĐại hoành
SP-16腹哀FuaiAbdomen Sufferingfù āibok ae 복애fuku aiPhúc ai
SP-17食竇ShidouFood Cavityshí dòusik du 식두shoku tōThực đậu
SP-18天谿TianxiCelestial Clefttiān xīcheon gye 천계ten keiThiên khê
SP-19胸鄉XiongxiangChest Villagexiōng xiānghyung hyang 흉향kyō kyō?Hung hương
SP-20周榮ZhourongComplete Nourishmentzhōu róngju yeong 주영shū eiChu vinh
SP-21大包DabaoGreat Embracedà bāodae po 대포tai hōĐại bao

Heart meridian

Abbreviated as HE, HT or H, named 手少阴心经穴; 手少陰心經 "The Heart channel of Hand, Lesser Yin".

PointNameTransliterationEnglishPinyinKorean 한글RomajiVietnameseAlternative names
HE-1極泉JiquanHighest Springjí quángeuk cheon 극천kyoku senCực tuyền
HE-2青靈QinglingGreen Spiritqīng língcheong nyeong 청령sei rei(?)Thanh linh
HE-3少海ShaohaiLesser Seashào hǎiso hae 소해shō kaiThiếu hải
HE-4靈道LingdaoSpirit Pathlíng dàoyoung do 영도rei dō?Linh đạo
HE-5通里TongliInward Connectiontōng lǐtong ni 통리tsū ri?Thông lý
HE-6陰郄YinxiYin Cleftyīn xīeum geuk 음극in gekiÂm khích
HE-7神門ShenmenSpirit Gateshén ménsin mun 신문shin monThần môn
HE-8少府ShaofuLesser Mansionshào fǔso bu 소부shō fu?Thiếu phủ
HE-9少沖ShaochongLesser Surgeshào chōngso chung 소충shō shōThiếu xung

Small intestine meridian

Abbreviated as SI, named 手太阳小肠经穴; 手太陽小腸經 "The Small Intestine channel of Hand, Greater Yang".

PointNameTransliterationEnglishPinyinKorean 한글RomajiVietnameseAlternative names
SI-1少澤ShaozeLesser Marshshào zéso taek 소택shō takuThiếu trạch
SI-2前谷QianguFront Valleyqián gǔjeon gok 전곡zen koku(?)Tiền cốc
SI-3後谿HouxiBack Streamhòu xīhu gye 후계go keiHậu khê'kō kei'[6]
SI-4腕骨WanguWrist Bonewàn gǔwan gol 완골wan kotsu(?)Uyển cốt
SI-5陽谷YangguYang Valleyyáng gǔyang gok 양곡yō kokuDương cốc
SI-6養老YanglaoSupport the Agedyǎng lǎoyang no 양노yō rōDưỡng lão
SI-7支正ZhizhengBranch of Uprightzhī zhèngji jeong 지정shi sei(?)Chi chính
SI-8小海XiaohaiSmall Seaxiǎo hǎiso hae 소해shō kaiTiểu hải
SI-9肩貞JianzhenTrue Shoulderjiān zhēngyeon jeong 견정ken teiKiên trinh
SI-10臑俞NaoshuUpper arm transporternāo shūno yu(su) 노유(수)ju yuNhu du
SI-11天宗TianzongHeavenly Gatheringtiān zōngcheon jong 천종ten sōThiên tông
SI-12秉風BingfengGrasping the Windbǐng fēngbyeong pung 병풍hei fūBỉnh phong
SI-13曲垣QuyuanCrooked Wallqū yuángok won 곡원kyo ku en?Khúc viên
SI-14肩外俞JianwaishuOuter Shoulder Transporterjiān wài shūgyeon oe yu 견외유ken gai yu(?)Kiên ngoại du
SI-15肩中俞JianzhongshuMiddle Shoulder Transporterjiān zhōng shūgyeon jung yu 견중유ken chū yu?Kiên trung du
SI-16天窗TianchuangHeavenly Windowtiān chuāngcheon chang 천창ten sō?Thiên song
SI-17天容TianrongHeavenly Appearancetiān róngcheon yong 천용ten yō?Thiên dung
SI-18顴髎QuanliaoCheek Bone Crevicequán liáogwal lyo 관료kan ryōQuyền liêu
SI-19聽宮TinggongPalace of Hearingtīng gōngcheong gung 청궁chō kyūThính cung

Bladder meridian

Abbreviated as BL or UB (urinary bladder), described in Chinese as 足太阳膀胱经穴; 足太陽膀胱經 "The Bladder channel of Foot, Greater Yang".

An alternative numbering scheme for the "appended part" (beginning with Bl-41 in the list below), which places the outer line along the spine after Bl-35 (會陽) instead of Bl-40 (委中), will be noted in the Alternative names column.

PointNameTransliterationEnglishPinyinKorean 한글RomajiVietnameseAlternative names
BL-1睛明JingmingBright Eyesjīng míngjeong myeong 정명sei meiTình minh
BL-2攢竹ZanzhuGathered Bamboocuán zhúchan juk 찬죽san chikuToản trúc
BL-3眉衝MeichongEyebrows' Ascensionméi chōngmi chung 미충bi shōMi xung
BL-4曲差QuchaiDeviating Curveqǔ chāigok cha 곡차kyo kusa?Khúc sai
BL-5五處WuchuFifth Positionwǔ chǔo cheo 오처go sho(?)Ngũ xứ
BL-6承光ChengguangReceiving Lightchéng guāngseung gwang 승광shō kō?Thừa quang
BL-7通天TongtianReaching Upwardtōng tiāntong cheon 통천tsū tenThông thiên
BL-8絡卻LuoqueDeclining Connectionluò quènak gak 락각rak kyaku?Lạc khước
BL-9玉枕YuzhenJade Pillowyù zhěnok chim 옥침gyoku chin(?)Ngọc chẩm
BL-10天柱TianzhuUpper Pillartiān zhùcheon ju 천주ten chūThiên trụ
BL-11大杼DazhuGreat Vertebradà zhùdae jeo 대저dai joĐại trữ
BL-12風門FengmenWind Gatefēng ménpung mun 풍문fū monPhong môn
BL-13肺俞FeishuLung Transporterfèi shūpye yu 폐유hai yuPhế du
BL-14厥陰俞JueyinshuAbsolute yin Transporterjué yīn shūgweor eum yu 궐음유ketsu in yuQuyết âm du
BL-15心俞XinshuHeart Transporterxīn shūsim yu 심유shin yuTâm du
BL-16督俞DushuGovernor Transporterdū shūdok yu 독유toku yuĐốc du
BL-17膈俞GeshuDiaphragm Transportergé shūgyeok yu 격유kaku yuCách du
BL-18肝俞GanshuLiver Transportergān shūgan yu 간유kan yuCan du
BL-19膽俞DanshuGallbladder Transporterdǎn shūdam yu 담유tan yuĐởm du
BL-20脾俞PishuSpleen Transporterpí shūbi yu 비유hi yuTỳ du
BL-21胃俞WeishuStomach Transporterwèi shūwi yu 위유i yuVị du
BL-22三焦俞SanjiaoshuSanjiao Transportersān jiāo shūsam cho yu 삼초유san shō yuTam tiêu du
BL-23腎俞ShenshuKidney Transportershèn shūsim yu 신유jin yuThận du
BL-24氣海俞QihaishuSea of Qi Transporterqì hǎi shūgi hae yu 기해유kikai yu?Khí hải du
BL-25大腸俞DachangshuLarge Intestine Transporterdà cháng shūdae jang yu 대장유dai chō yuĐại trường du
BL-26關元俞GuanyuanshuGate of Origin Transporterguān yuán shūgwan won yu 관원유kan gen yu?Quan nguyên du
BL-27小腸俞XiaochangshuSmall Intestine Transporterxiǎo cháng shūso jang yu 소장유shō chō yuTiểu trường du
BL-28膀胱俞PangguangshuBladder Transporterpáng guāng shūbang wang yu 방광유bōkō yuBàng quang du
BL-29中膂俞ZhonglushuMid-Spine Transporterzhōng lǚ shūjung nyeo nae yu 중려내유chū ryo yu?Trung lữ du中膂內俞 zhōng lǚ nèi shù
BL-30白環俞BaihuanshuWhite Ring Transporterbái huán shūbaek hwan yu 백환유hak kan yu?Bạch hoàn du
BL-31上髎ShangliaoUpper Bone Holeshàng liáosang nyo 상료jyō ryō?Thượng liêu
BL-32次髎CiliaoSecond Bone Holecì liáocha ryo 차료ji ryōThứ liêu
BL-33中髎ZhongliaoMiddle Bone Holezhōng liáojung nyo 중료chū ryō?Trung liêu
BL-34下髎XialiaoLower Bone Holexià liáoha ryo 하료ge ryō?Hạ liêu
BL-35會陽HuiyangMeeting of Yanghuì yánghoe yang 회양e yōHội dương
BL-36承扶ChengfuHold and Supportchéng fúseung bu 승부sho fu(?)Thừa phùBl-50
BL-37殷門YinmenHanstring Gateyīn méneun mun 은문in monÂn mônBl-51
BL-38浮郄FuxiSuperficial Cleftfú xību geuk 부극fu geki(?)Phù khíchBl-52
BL-39委陽WeiyangLateral End of the Creasewěi yángwi yang 위양i yōỦy dươngBl-53
BL-40委中WeizhongMiddle of the Creasewěi zhōngwi jung 위중i chūỦy trungBl-54
BL-41附分FufenOuter Branchfù fēnbu bun 부분fu bun(?)Phụ phânBl-36
BL-42魄戶PohuDoor of the Corporeal Soulpò hùbaek ho 백호haku koPhách hạBl-37
BL-43膏肓俞GaohuangshuVital Region Shugāo huāng shūgo hwang [yu] 고황[유]kō kō yuCao hoang duBl-38
BL-44神堂ShentangSpirit Hallshén tángsin dang 신당shin dō?Thần đườngBl-39
BL-45譩譆YixiThat Hurtyì xǐui hoe 의회i ki(?)Y hyBl-40
BL-46膈關GeguanDiaphragm Gategé guāngyeok gwan 격관kaku kan(?)Cách quanBl-41
BL-47魂門HunmenEthereal Soul Gatehún ménhon mun 혼문kon mon?Hồn mônBl-42
BL-48陽綱YanggangLinking to Gall Bladderyáng gāngyang gang 양강yō kō?Dương cươngBl-43
BL-49意舍YisheAbode of Thoughtyì shěui sa 의사i sha(?)Ý xáBl-44
BL-50胃倉WeicangStomach Granarywèi cāngwi chang 위창i sōVị thươngBl-45
BL-51肓門HuangmenVitals Gatehuāng ménhwang mun 황문kō mon?Hoang mônBl-46
BL-52志室ZhishiWillpower Roomzhì shìji sil 지실shi shitsuChí thấtBl-47
BL-53胞肓BaohuangBladder's Vitalsbāo huāngpo hwang 포황hō kōBào hoangBl-48
BL-54秩邊ZhibianLowermost in Orderzhì biānjil byeon 질변chip penTrật biênBl-49
BL-55合陽HeyangYang Confluencehé yánghap yang 합양gō yō?Hợp dương
BL-56承筋ChengjinSinews Supportchéng jīnseung geun 승근shō kinThừa cân
BL-57承山ChengshanMountain Supportchéng shānseung san 승산shō zanThừa sơn
BL-58飛陽FeiyangTaking Flightfēi yángbi yang 비양hi yōPhi dương
BL-59跗陽FuyangTarsus Yangfū yángbu yang 부양fu yōPhụ dương
BL-60昆侖; 崑崙[7]KunlunKunlun Mountainskūn lúngol lyun 곤륜kon ronCôn lôn (luân)
BL-61僕參PucanSubservient Visitorpú cānbok cham 복참boku shin(?)Bộc tham
BL-62申脈ShenmaiExtending Vesselshēn màisin maek 신맥shim myakuThân mạch
BL-63金門JinmenGolden Gatejīn méngeum mun 금문kim monKim môn
BL-64京骨JingguMetatarsal Tuberosityjīng gǔgyeong gol 경골kei kotsu(?)Kinh cốt
BL-65束骨ShuguMetatarsal Headshù gǔsok gol 속골sok kotsu?Thúc cốt
BL-66足通谷ZutongguFoot Valley Passagezú tōng gǔ[jok] tong gok [족]통곡ahsi tsū koku?Thủ thông cốc
BL-67至陰ZhiyinReaching Yinzhì yīnji eum 지음shi inChí âm

Kidney meridian

Abbreviated as KI or K, described in Chinese as 足少阴肾经穴 or 足少陰腎經 "The Kidney channel of Foot, Lesser Yin".

PointNameTransliterationEnglishPinyinKorean 한글RomajiVietnamese
KI-1湧泉Yong QuanBubbling Wellyǒng quányong cheon 용천yu senDũng tuyền
KI-2然谷RanguBlazing Valleyrán gǔyeon gok 연곡nen kokuNhiên cốc
KI-3太谿TaixiGreat Streamtaì xītae yeon 태계tai keiThái khê
KI-4大鐘DazhongLarge Belldà zhōngdae jong 대종dai shō?Đại chung
KI-5水泉ShuiquanWater Springshuǐ quánsu cheon 수천sui senThủy tuyền
KI-6照海ZhaohaiShining Seazhào hǎijoh hae 조해shō kaiChiếu hải
KI-7復溜FuliuContinuing Flowfù liūbong nyu 복류fuku ryūPhục lưu
KI-8交信JiaoxinIntersecting with Spleenjiāo xìngyo sin 교신kō shin?Giao tín
KI-9築賓ZhubinStrong Kneeszhú bīnchuk bin 축빈chiku hinTrúc tân
KI-10陰谷YinguYin Valleyyīn gǔeum gok 음곡in kokuÂm cốc
KI-11橫骨HengguPubic Bonehéng gǔhoeng gol 횡골ō kotsuHoành cốt
KI-12大赫DaheBig Plentifulnessdà hèdae hyeok 대혁tai kakuĐại hách
KI-13氣穴QixueKidney Qi Caveqì xuégi hyeol 기혈ki ketsuKhí huyệt
KI-14四滿SimanFourth for Fullnessessì mǎnsa man 사만shi manTứ mãn
KI-15中注ZhongzhuPouring into the Middlezhōng zhùjung ju 중주chū chūTrung chú
KI-16肓俞HuangshuVitals Tissues Shuhuāng shūhwang yu 황유kō yuHoang du
KI-17商曲ShangquMetal Bendshāng qūsang gok 상곡shō kyokuThương khúc
KI-18石關ShiguanStone Gateshí guānseok gwan 석관seki kanThạch quan
KI-19陰都YinduYin Metropolisyīn dūeum do 음도in toÂm đô
KI-20腹通谷FutongguAbdominal Food Passagefù tōng gǔtong gok 통곡hara no tsū koku(Phúc) Thông cốc
KI-21幽門YoumenHidden Gateyōu ményu mun 유문yū monU môn
KI-22步廊BulangStepping Upwardsbù lángbo rang 보랑hō ro?Bộ lang
K-23神封ShenfengSpirit Manorshén fēngsin bong 신봉shim pōThần phong
KI-24靈墟LingxuSpirit Ruinlíng xūyeong heo 영허rei kyo(?)Linh khâu
KI-25神藏ShencangSpirit Storehouseshén cángsin jang 신장shin zōThần tàng
KI-26彧中[lower-alpha 1]YuzhongRefined Chestyù zhōnguk jung 욱중waku chūHoắc trung
KI-27俞府ShufuShu Mansionshū fǔyu bu 유부yu fuDu phủ

Pericardium meridian

Abbreviated as PC or P, named 手厥阴心包经穴; 手厥陰心包經 "The Pericardium channel of Hand, Faint Yin".

PointNameTransliterationEnglishPinyinKorean 한글RomajiVietnameseAlternative names
PC-1天池TianchiHeavenly Pooltiān chícheon ji 천지ten chiThiên trì
PC-2天泉TianquanHeavenly Springtiān quáncheon cheon 천천ten sen(?)Thiên tuyền
PC-3曲澤QuzeMarsh at the Crookqū zégok taek 곡택kyoku taku(?)Khúc trạch
PC-4郄門XimenXi-Cleft Gatexī méngeung mun 극문geki monKhích môn
PC-5間使JianshiIntermediate Messengerjiān shǐgan sa 간사kan shi(?)Giản sử
PC-6內關NeiguanInner Passnèi guānnae gwan 내관nai kanNội quan
PC-7大陵DalingGreat Mounddà língdae reung 대릉dai ryōĐại lăng'tai ryō'[6]
PC-8勞宮LaogongPalace of Toilláo gōngno gung 노궁rō kyūLao cung
PC-9中衝ZhongchongMiddle Rushingzhōng chōngjung chung 중충chū shōTrung xung

Triple burner meridian

Also known as San Jiao, triple-heater, triple-warmer or triple-energizer, abbreviated as TB or SJ or TE and named 手少阳三焦经穴; 手少陽三焦經 "The Sanjiao channel of Hand, Lesser Yang".

PointNameTransliterationEnglishPinyinKorean 한글RomajiVietnameseAlternative names
TE-1關衝GuanchongSurge Gateguān chōnggwan chung 관충kan shōQuan xung
TE-2液門YemenFluid Gateyè ménaeng mun 액문eki mon(?)DỊch môn
TE-3中渚ZhongzhuCentral Isletzhōng zhǔjung jeo 중저chū shoTrung chử
TE-4陽池YangchiYang Poolyáng chíyang ji 양지yō chi?Dương trì
TE-5外關WaiguanOuter Passwài guānoe gwan 외관gai kanNgoại quan
TE-6支溝ZhigouBranch Ditchzhī gōuji gu 지구shi kō?Chi câu
TE-7會宗HuizongConvergence and Gatheringhuì zōnghui jung 회종e sōHội tông
TE-8三陽絡SanyangluoThree Yang Connectionsān yáng luòsam yang nak 삼양락san kyō raku?Tam dương lạc
TE-9四瀆SiduFour Riverssì dúsa dok 사독shi tokuTứ độc
TE-10天井TianjingUpper Welltiān jǐngcheon jeong 천정ten sei(?)Thiên tỉnhTW 10
TE-11清冷淵QinglengyuanCooling Deep Poolqīng lěng yuāncheong naeng yeon 청랭연sei rei en?Thanh lãng uyên
TE-12消濼XiaoluoDraining Marshxiāo luòso rak 소락shō reki?Tiêu lạc
TE-13臑會NaohuiUpper Arm Intersectionnào huìnoe hui 뇌회ju eNhu hội
TE-14肩髎JianliaoShoulder Bone Holejiān liáogyeol lyo 견료ken ryōKiên liêu
TE-15天髎TianliaoUpper Arm Holetiān liáocheol lyo 천료ten ryōThiên liêu
TE-16天牖TianyouSky Windowtiān yǒucheon yong 천용ten yū?Thiên dũ
TE-17翳風YifengWind Screenyì fēngye pung 예풍ei fūẾ phong
TE-18契脈Qimai[lower-alpha 2]Convulsion Vesselqì màigye maek 계맥kei myaku(?)Khế mạch
TE-19顱息LuxiHead's Tranquilitylú xīno sik 노식ro soku(?)Lư tức
TE-20角孫JiaosunAngle Vertexjiǎo sūngak son 각손kaku sonGiác tôn
TE-21耳門ErmenEar Gateěr méni mun 이문ji mon(?)Nhĩ môn
TE-22耳和髎ErheliaoEar Harmonising Forameněr hé liáohwa ryo 화료ji wa ryō?(Nhĩ) Hòa liêu
TE-23絲竹空SizhukongSilken Bamboo Hollowsī zhú kōngsa juk gong 사죽공shi chiku kūTi trúc không

Gallbladder meridian

Abbreviated as GB, this meridian is named 足少阳胆经穴; 足少陽膽經 "The Gallbladder channel of Foot, Lesser Yang".

PointNameTransliterationEnglishPinyinKorean 한글RomajiVietnamese
GB-1瞳子髎TongziliaoPupil Crevicetóng zǐ liáodong ja ryo 동자료dō shi ryōĐồng tử liêu
GB-2聽會TinghuiMeeting of Hearingtīng huìcheong hoe 청회chō eThính hội
GB-3上關[lower-alpha 3]ShangguanAbove the Jointshàng guānsang gwan 상관/gaek ju in 객주인kyaku shu jinThượng quan
GB-4頷厭HanyanJaw Serenityhàn yànha yeom 함염gan enHàm yến
GB-5懸顱XuanluSuspended Skullxuán lúhyeol lo 현로ken roHuyền lư
GB-6懸厘XuanliSuspended Hairxuán líhyeol li 현리ken riHuyền ly
GB-7曲鬢QubinCrook of the Templeqū bìngok bin 곡빈kyoku bin(?)Khúc tân
GB-8率谷ShuaiguLeading Valleyshuài gǔsol gok 솔곡sok koku?Suất cốc
GB-9天沖TianchongHeavenly Rushingtiān chōngcheon chung 천충ten shō?Thiên xung
GB-10浮白FubaiFloating Whitefú báibu baek 부백fu haku(?)Phù bạch
GB-11頭竅陰TouqiaoyinYin Portals of the Headtóu qiào yīn[du] gyu eum [두] 규음atama kyō inĐầu khiếu âm
GB-12完骨WanguMastoid Processwán gǔwan gol 완골kan kotsuHoàn cốt
GB-13本神BenshenRoot of the Spiritběn shénbon sin 본신hon jinBản thần
GB-14陽白YangbaiYang Whiteyáng báiyang baek 양백yō hakuDương bạch
GB-15頭臨泣ToulinqiHead Governor of Tearstóu lín qì[du] im eup [두] 임읍atama no rin kyūĐầu lâm khấp
GB-16目窗MuchuangWindow of the Eyemù chuāngmok chang 목창moku sōMục song
GB-17正營ZhengyingUpright Nutritionzhèng yíngjyeong yeong 정영shō eiChính dinh
GB-18承靈ChenglingSupport Spiritchéng língseung nyeong 승령shō reiThừa linh
GB-19腦空NaokongBrain Hollownǎo kōngnoe gong 뇌공nō kūNão không
GB-20風池FengchiWind Poolfēng chípung ji 풍지fū chiPhong trì
GB-21肩井JianjingShoulder Welljīan jǐnggyeon jeong 견정ken seiKiên tỉnh
GB-22淵腋YuanyeArmpit Abyssyuān yèyeon aek 연액en eki(?)Uyển dịch
GB-23輒筋ZhejinFlank Sinewszhé jīncheop geun 첩근chō kin?Triếp cân
GB-24日月RiyueSun and Moonrì yuèil weol 일월jitsu getsuNhật nguyệt
GB-25京門JingmenCapital Gatejīng méngyeong mun 경문kei monKinh môn
GB-26帶脈DaimaiGirdling Vesseldài màidae maek 대맥tai myakuĐới mạch
GB-27五樞WushuFive Pivotswǔ shūo chu 오추gō sūNgũ khu
GB-28維道WeidaoLinking Pathwéi dàoyu do 유도yui dōDuy đạo
GB-29居髎JuliaoStationary Crevicejū liáogeo ryo 거료kyo ryōCự liêu
GB-30環跳HuantiaoJumping Circlehuán tiàohwan do 환도kan chōHoàn khiêu
GB-31風市FengshiWind Marketfēng shìpung si 풍시fū shiPhong thị
GB-32中瀆ZhongduMiddle Ditchzhōng dújung dok 중독chū toku?Trung độc
GB-33膝陽關XiyangguanKnee Yang Gatexī yáng guān[seul] yang gwan [슬] 양관hiza no yō kan?(Tất) Dương quan
GB-34陽陵泉YanglingquanYang Mound Springyáng líng quányang neung cheon 양릉천yō ryō senDương lăng tuyền
GB-35陽交YangjiaoYang Intersectionyáng jiāoyang gyo 양교yō koDương giao
GB-36外丘WaiqiuOuter Hillwài qiūwoe gu 외구gai kyūNgoại khâu
GB-37光明GuangmingBright Lightguāng mínggwang myeong 광명kō mei?Quang minh
GB-38陽輔YangfuYang Assistanceyáng fǔyang bo 양보yō hoDương phụ
GB-39懸鐘[lower-alpha 4]XuanzhongSuspended Bellxuán zhōnghyeon jong 현종/jeol gol 절골ken shōHuyền chung
GB-40丘墟QiuxuMound of Ruinsqiū xūgu heo 구허kyū kyoKhâu khư
GB-41足臨泣ZulinqiFoot Governor of Tearszú lín qì[jok] im eup [족] 임읍ashi no rin kyūTúc lâm khấp
GB-42地五會DiwuhuiEarth Five Meetingsdì wǔ huìji o hoe 지오회chi go e(?)Địa ngũ hội
GB-43俠谿XiaxiClamped Streamxiá xīhyeop gye 협계kyō kei?Hiệp khê
GB-44足竅陰ZuqiaoyinYin Portals of the Footzú qiào yīn[jok] gyu eum [족] 규음ashi no kyō inTúc khiếu âm

Liver meridian

Abbreviated as LR or LV, named 足厥阴肝经穴; 足厥陰肝經 "The Liver channel of Foot, Faint Yin".

PointNameTransliterationPinyinEnglishKorean 한글RomajiVietnameseAlternative names
LR-1大敦Dadundà dūnGreat and Thickdae don 대돈tai tonĐại đôn
LR-2行間Xingjianxíng jiānInterval Passhaeng gan 행간kō kanHành gian
LR-3太沖Taichongtaì chōngSupreme Rushtae chung 태충tai shōThái xung
LR-4中封Zhongfengzhōng fēngMiddle Marginjung bong 중봉chū hōTrung phong
LR-5蠡溝Ligoulǐ gōuGnawed Channelyeo gu 여구rei kōLãi câu
LR-6中都Zhongduzhōng dūCentral Capitaljung do 중도chū toTrung đô
LR-7膝關Xiguanxī guānKnee Passseul gwan 슬관shitsu kanTất quan
LR-8曲泉Ququanqū quánPool Springgok cheon 곡천kyoku senKhúc tuyền
LR-9陰包Yinbaoyīn bāoYin Wrappingeum bo 음보im pō?Âm bao
LR-10足五里Zuwulizú wǔ liFoot Governor of Tears[jok] o ri [족] 오리ashi no go ri?(Túc) Ngũ lý
LR-11陰廉Yinlianyīn liánYin Sideeum yeom 음염in ren(?)Âm liêm
LR-12急脈Jimaijí màiSwift Pulsegeum maek 금맥kyū myaku?Cấp mạch
LR-13章門Zhangmenzhāng ménGate of the Orderingjang mun 장문shō monChương môn
LR-14期門Qimenqí ménCyclic Gategi mun 기문ki monKỳ môn

Governing vessel

Also known as Du, abbreviated as GV and named 督脉穴; 督脈 "The Governing Vessel".

PointNameTransliterationPinyinEnglishKorean 한글RomajiVietnameseAlternative names
GV-1長強Changqiangcháng qiángLong and Rigidjang gang 장강chō kyōTrường cường
GV-2腰俞Yaoshuyāo shūLow Back Transporteryo yu 요유yō yu?Yêu du
GV-3腰陽關Yaoyangquanyāo yáng guānLow Back Yang Passage[yo] yang gwan [요] 양관koshi no yo kan?(Yêu) Dương quan
GV-4命門Mingmenmìng ménLife Gatemyeong mun 명문mei monMệnh môn
GV-5懸樞Xuanshuxuán shūSuspended Pivothyeon chu 현추ken sū?Huyền khu
GV-6脊中Jizhongjì zhōngMiddle of the Spinecheok jung 척중seki chū?Tích trung
GV-7中樞Zhongshuzhōng shūCentral Pivotjung chu 중추chū sū?Trung khu
GV-8筋縮Jinsuojīn suōMuscle Spasmgeun chuk 근축kin shuku(?)Cân súc
GV-9至陽Zhiyangzhì yángReaching Yangji yang 지양shi yō?Chí dương
GV-10靈台Lingtailíng táiSpirit Platformyeong dae 영대rei dai(?)Linh đài
GV-11神道Shendaoshén dàoWay of the Spiritsin do 신도shin dōThần đạo
GV-12身柱Shenzhushēn zhùBody Pillarsin ju 신주shin chūThân trụ
GV-13陶道Taodaotáo dàoWay of the Potdo do 도도tō dō?Đào đạo
GV-14大椎Dazhuidà zhuīGreat Vertebradae chu 대추dai tsuiĐại chùy
GV-15瘂門 (啞門)Yamenyǎ ménMutism Gatea mun 아문a monÁ môn
GV-16風府Fengfufēng fǔWind Palacepung bu 풍부fū fuPhong phủ
GV-17腦戶Naohunǎo hùBrain Doornoe ho 뇌호nō ko?Não hộ
GV-18強間Qiangjianqiáng jiānRigid Spacegang gan 강간kyō kan?Cường gian
GV-19後頂Houdinghòu dǐngBack Vertexhu jeong 후정go chō?Hậu đính
GV-20百會Baihuibǎi huìOne Hundred Meetingsbaek hoe 백회hyaku eBách hội
GV-21前頂Qiandingqián dǐngFront Vertexjeon jeong 전정zen chō?Tiền đính
GV-22囟會Xinhuixìn huìFontanelle Meetingsin hoe 신회shin e(?)Tín hội
GV-23上星Shangxingshàng xīngUpper Starsang seong 상성jō sei?Thượng tinh
GV-24神庭Shentingshén tíngSpirit Courtyardsin jeong 신정shin teiThần đình
GV-25素髎Suliaosù liáoPlain Spaceso ryo 소료so ryō?Tố liêu
GV-26人中Renzhongrén zhōngMiddle of the Personin jung 인중/su gu 수구jin chuNhân trung (Thủy câu)水溝 shuǐ gōu [Water Pit]
GV-27兌端Duiduanduì duānEnd Exchangetae don 태단da tan(?)Đoài đoan
GV-28齦交Yinjiaoyín jiāoGum Unioneun gyo 은교gin kōNgân giao

Conception vessel

Also known as Ren, Directing Vessel, abbreviated as CV and named 任脉穴; 任脈 "The Conception Vessel".

PointNameTransliterationPinyinEnglishKorean 한글RomajiVietnameseAlternative names
CV-1會陰Huiyinhuì yīnYin Meetinghoe eum 회음e inHội âm
CV-2曲骨Quguqū gǔCrooked Bonegok gol 곡골kyok kotsu?Khúc cốt
CV-3中極Zhongjizhōng jíMiddle Extremityjung geuk 중극chū kyoku?Trung cực
CV-4關元Guanyuanguān yuánOrigin Passgwan won 관원kan genQuan nguyên
CV-5石門Shimenshí ménStone Gateseong mun 석문seki mon(?)Thạch môn
CV-6氣海Qihaiqì hǎiSea of Qigi hae 기해ki kaiKhí hải
CV-7陰交Yinjiaoyīn jiāoYin Intersectioneum gyo 음교in kōÂm giao
CV-8神闕Shenqueshén quèSpirit Palacesin gwol 신궐shin ketsu(?)Thần khuyết
CV-9水分Shuifenshuǐ fēnWater Divisionsu bun 수분sui bun(?)Thủy phân
CV-10下脘Xiawanxià wǎn [or xià guǎn]Lower Epigastriumha wan 하완ge kanHạ quản
CV-11建里Jianlijiàn lǐInternal Foundationgeol li 건리ken ri(?)Kiến lý健裡 jiàn lǐ
CV-12中脘Zhongwanzhōng wǎn [or zhōng guǎn]Middle Epigastriumjung wan 중완chū kanTrung quản
CV-13上脘Shangwanshàng wǎn [or shàng guǎn]Upper Epigastriumsang wan 상완jo kanThượng quản
CV-14巨闕Juquejù quèGreat Palacegeo gwol 거궐ko ketsu(?)Cự khuyết
CV-15鳩尾Jiuweijiū wěiBird Tailgu mi 구미kyū bi?Cưu vĩ
CV-16中庭Zhongtingzhōng tíngCentral Courtyardjung jeong 중정chū tei?Trung đình
CV-17膻中Shanzhongshān zhōngMiddle of the Chestdan jung 단중dan chūĐản trung
CV-18玉堂Yutangyù tángJade Hallok dang 옥당gyoku dō?Ngọc đường
CV-19紫宮Zigongzǐ gōngViolet Palaceja gung 자궁shi kyū?Tử cung
CV-20華蓋Huagaihuá gàiSplendid Coverhwa gae 화개ko gai?Hoa cáika gai[8]
CV-21璇璣Xuanjixuán jīJade Rotatorseon gi 선기sen kiToàn cơ
CV-22天突Tiantutiān tūHeaven Projectioncheon dol 천돌ten totsuThiên đột
CV-23廉泉Lianquanlián quánLateral Springyeom cheon 염천ren senLiêm tuyền
CV-24承漿Chengjiangchéng jiāngSaliva Containerseung jang 승장shō shōThừa tương

Notes

  1. Also called 或中 huò zhōng, but this is an obvious mistranscription
  2. First character means qì/qī (contract/spasm)[1]
  3. also called 客主人 kè zhǔ rén
  4. also called 絶骨 jué gǔ

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Deadman, P, Baker K, Al-Khafaji, M. 2007. A Manual of Acupuncture, 2nd Edition. Journal of Chinese Medicine Publications. ISBN 978-0951054659.
  2. Napadow V, Ahn A, Longhurst J, et al. 2008. The status and future of acupuncture mechanism research. J Altern Complement Med 14(7): 861–869.
  3. T'ai Chi Ch'uan and Meditation by Da Liu, pages 35-41 - Routledge and Keegan Paul 1987 ISBN 0-14-019217-4
  4. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, WHO. 1991. A Proposed Standard International Acupuncture Nomenclature Report of a WHO Scientific Group (pdf). World Health Organization. Retrieved Sep-05-2014.
  5. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, WHO. 1993. Standard Acupuncture Nomenclature, 2nd ed (pdf). World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 28 February 2011. Retrieved Sep-05-2014.
  6. 1 2 3 Denmei, S (2003). Finding Effective Acupuncture Points. Eastland Press.
  7. Lorenzen, U; Noll, A. Wandlungsphase Wasser. Die Wandlungsphasen der traditionellen chinesischen Medizin. Müller & Steinicke.
  8. Fukushima, K (2007). Meridian Therapy (4th ed.). Toyo Hari Medical Association.
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