Pharmacist-to-pharmacy technician ratio

The pharmacist-to-pharmacy technician ratio is a legal regulation that establishes the maximum number of pharmacy technicians that may be supervised by a licensed pharmacist at one given time. For example, a pharmacist-to-pharmacy technician ratio of 1:3 would mean that three people are allowed to be working as pharmacy technicians at one time for every one pharmacist present.

Characterization

In the United States, the regulation of the pharmacist-to-pharmacy technician ratio is regulated at the individual state level.[1] Some states vary the ratio by institutional (e.g. hospital) pharmacy practice versus retail (i.e. community) pharmacy practice, while others do not regulate pharmacist-to-pharmacy technician ratios at all.[1] The ratios vary from a minimum of 1:2 (e.g. in Kansas) to 1:6 (e.g. Idaho).[1]

Variation by state[1]
State Pharmacist-to-pharmacy technician ratio
Alabama1:3
AlaskaNone
ArizonaNone
Arkansas1:3
California1:1 then 2 more techs for each additional pharmacist
Colorado1:6
Connecticut1:3 institutional pharmacy, 1:2 community pharmacy
DelawareNone
Florida1:4
Georgia1:2 (unless 1 is certified, then 1:3)
HawaiiNone
Idaho1:6
IllinoisNone
Indiana1:4
IowaNone (Unless Pharmacy participates in Technician Product Verification, then 2:1)
Kansas1:4
KentuckyNone
Louisiana1:3
MaineNone
MarylandNone
Massachusetts1:4
MichiganNone
Minnesota1:3 (unless 1 is certified, then 1:4)
Mississippi1:2
MissouriNone
Montana1:3
Nebraska1:3
Nevada1:3
New HampshireNone
New Jersey1:2 (unless 1 is certified, then 1:3)
New MexicoNone
New York1:2
North Carolina1:2 (unless seek board of pharmacy approval)
North Dakota1:4 institutional pharmacy, 1:3 community pharmacy
OhioNone
Oklahoma1:4
OregonNone
PennsylvaniaNone
Rhode IslandNone
South Carolina1:3
South DakotaNone for institutional pharmacy, 1:3 community pharmacy
Tennessee1:2, may increase to 1:4 (without board approval) if at least 2 are certified technicians
Texas1:6
Utah1:3
VermontNone
Virginia1:4
WashingtonNo longer has a ratio as of September 14, 2019.
West Virginia1:4
Wisconsin1:4 (unless seek board of pharmacy approval)
Wyoming1:3

In some countries, such as in the United Kingdom and in Denmark, technicians can practice without pharmacist supervision at all.[2] Globally, one survey found that pharmacists are the most frequent source of supervision for pharmacy technicians.[2]

Rationale and criticism

Pharmacist-to-pharmacy technician ratios are an attempt to find a balance between providing assistance to the practicing pharmacist in operating the pharmacy while maintaining adequate supervision of their pharmacy technicians.[3] While staffing issues are reported by pharmacy technicians to increase the risk for medication-related medical errors, misconduct by an unsupervised pharmacy technician can result in significant patient harm.[3] Critics of low pharmacist-to-pharmacy technician ratios have complained that the lack of pharmacy technicians staffing forces pharmacists to devote more time to non-clinical, dispensing-related tasks, as opposed to performing direct patient care services and over-the-counter counseling.[4]

History

While pharmacist-to-pharmacy technician ratio were initially low with pharmacy technicians engaged in retail tasks (acting as cashiers), the ratios have increased over time as pharmacy technicians have taken on new duties, such as reconstituting medications and intermediating between the pharmacy and insurance companies.[5]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Malacos, Kristy. "Pharmacy Technician Regulation". Pharmacy Times. Pharmacy & Healthcare Communications, LLC. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  2. 1 2 Koehler, T; Brown, A (2017). "A global picture of pharmacy technician and other pharmacy support workforce cadres". Res Social Adm Pharm. 13 (2): 271–279. doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2016.12.004. PMC 5317197. PMID 28190479.
  3. 1 2 Lutz, Rachel. "Pharmacist-Technician Ratios Require More Evaluation". Pharmacy Times. Pharmacy & Healthcare Communications, LLC. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  4. Guglielmo, B. Joseph. "Health care: The pharmacist-to-technician ratio". Capitol Weekly. Capitol Weekly. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  5. Marotta, Ryan. "The Evolving Role of Pharmacy Technicians". Pharmacy Times. Pharmacy & Healthcare Communications, LLC. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
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